Tuan Anh

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) exerts a profound influence on modern society and raises significant ethical concerns. Prevailing approaches to AI ethics generally fall into three primary frameworks: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Each framework focuses on distinct methods to either regulate AI through established moral values or develop appropriate traits so that AI can coexist harmoniously with humans. Beyond these perspectives, Ho Chi Minh’s ethics, specifically revolutionary ethics, provides a unique and profound viewpoint on the relationship between AI and humanity. A defining characteristic of Ho Chi Minh’s ethical thought is the integration of intuitive clarity with deep philosophical substance. Correct application of these principles offers the potential for AI to develop in a harmonious and humane direction. The revolutionary nature of Ho Chi Minh’s ethics can guide AI toward self improvement and foster a voluntary adherence to core humanitarian values. This perspective suggests a promising future where the synthesis of AI and Ho Chi Minh’s ethics generates positive transformations for human society.

This article examines and interprets the autonomy of Artificial Intelligence through the lens of Immanuel Kant's ethical framework. The study presents the fundamental concepts and developmental trajectory of AI to provide a rigorous analysis regarding the nature of machine autonomy. It explores the essential links between this autonomy, the faculty of the will, and the categorical imperative as defined in Kantian ethics. The research further investigates the relationship between autonomy and the status of an end in itself. This investigation reveals specific limitations and logical deficiencies in the claim that AI might possess autonomy in a complete or absolute sense. Finally, the article analyzes the autonomy of AI in direct relation to the self existing ends of humanity and evaluates the feasibility of applying categorical imperatives to artificial systems.

Since Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) was introduced, methods of studying conceptual metaphor have kept improving to respond to methodological criticisms. Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) proposed by Charteris-Black (2004) has been considered as a “thought-provoking contribution” to metaphor analysis (Deignan, 2005) when approaching metaphor from various perspectives: critical discourse analysis, corpus analysis, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. CMA is originally applied to one conceptual level in metaphor – domain. However, this paper argues that CMA can be exploited at four conceptual levels in Multi-level View of conceptual metaphor (Kövecses, 2017b) - image schema, domain, frame, and mental space. The combined framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis – CMA (Charteris-Black, 2004) and Multi-level View of conceptual metaphor – MLV (Kövecses, 2017b) can gain deeper insights into ideologies motivating metaphorical concepts for the Vietnam war as well as elucidate the conceptual structure of metaphor via the four levels. Hence, this combination fills the gap of lacking a framework with optimal balance of semantic, pragmatic, cognitive and critical dimensions. It also features the intriguing relationship between ideologies and conceptual structure, i.e., ideologies are embedded in all the four conceptual levels and systematically develop with increasing specificity from image schema to domain, frame and mental space. The focus of this paper is on our argument for an integrated framework of conceptual metaphor and the newspaper articles written by American war correspondents during the Vietnam war are used for illustration of how the integrated framework can help us better understand the conceptual metaphors in the articles.

It is hypothesized that persons who use drugs in Vietnam who are also HIV-positive may face additional challenges in psychosocial outcomes, and these challenges may extend to their family members. In this study, we examined depressive symptoms, stigma, social support, and caregiver burden of HIV-positive PWUD and their family members, compared to the outcomes of HIV-negative PWUD and their family members. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessment data were gathered from 83 PWUD and 83 family members recruited from four communes in Phú Thọ Province, Vietnam. For PWUD, although we observed a general decline in overall stigma over time for both groups, HIV-positive PWUD consistently reported significantly higher overall stigma for all three periods. Depressive symptoms among family members in both groups declined over time; however, family members of HIV-positive PWUD reported higher depressive symptoms across all three periods. In addition, family members of HIV-positive PWUD reported lower levels of tangible support across all three periods. Caregiver burden among family members of HIV-positive PWUD increased significantly over time, whereas the reported burden among family members of HIV-negative PWUD remained relatively unchanged. The findings highlight the need for future interventions for PWUD and family members, with targeted and culturally specific strategies to focus on the importance of addressing additional stigma experienced by PWUD who are HIV-positive. Such challenges may have direct negative impact on their family members' depressive symptoms, tangible support, and caregiver burden.