Tuan Nguyen

Employees often face a dilemma between upholding ethical standards and meeting demanding business goals, especially under ethical leaders who enforce strict moral expectations. This tension highlights how employees' cognitive interpretations of ethical leadership (EL) shape their behaviors. Drawing on social cognitive theory, this study examines how EL influences two contrasting pro‐organizational behaviors—organizational citizenship behavior for health, safety, and environment (OCBHSE), and unethical pro‐organizational behavior (UPB)—through employees' CSR attributions. Data were collected from 276 employees and 108 supervisors in Taiwanese service firms across three survey waves and analyzed using CB‐SEM and fsQCA. CB‐SEM results show that EL fosters OCBHSE while reducing UPB. Value‐ and stakeholder‐driven CSR attributions positively mediate EL's effect on OCBHSE, whereas egoistic‐driven attributions negatively mediate it. Strategic‐ and egoistic‐driven attributions positively mediate the EL–UPB relationship, whereas value‐driven attributions weaken it. FsQCA further reveals five configurations leading to high OCBHSE and three to high UPB. These results offer theoretical and managerial insights for designing policies to leverage EL and CSR strategies to manage OCBHSE and UPB effectively.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) exerts a profound influence on modern society and raises significant ethical concerns. Prevailing approaches to AI ethics generally fall into three primary frameworks: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Each framework focuses on distinct methods to either regulate AI through established moral values or develop appropriate traits so that AI can coexist harmoniously with humans. Beyond these perspectives, Ho Chi Minh’s ethics, specifically revolutionary ethics, provides a unique and profound viewpoint on the relationship between AI and humanity. A defining characteristic of Ho Chi Minh’s ethical thought is the integration of intuitive clarity with deep philosophical substance. Correct application of these principles offers the potential for AI to develop in a harmonious and humane direction. The revolutionary nature of Ho Chi Minh’s ethics can guide AI toward self improvement and foster a voluntary adherence to core humanitarian values. This perspective suggests a promising future where the synthesis of AI and Ho Chi Minh’s ethics generates positive transformations for human society.

This article examines and interprets the autonomy of Artificial Intelligence through the lens of Immanuel Kant's ethical framework. The study presents the fundamental concepts and developmental trajectory of AI to provide a rigorous analysis regarding the nature of machine autonomy. It explores the essential links between this autonomy, the faculty of the will, and the categorical imperative as defined in Kantian ethics. The research further investigates the relationship between autonomy and the status of an end in itself. This investigation reveals specific limitations and logical deficiencies in the claim that AI might possess autonomy in a complete or absolute sense. Finally, the article analyzes the autonomy of AI in direct relation to the self existing ends of humanity and evaluates the feasibility of applying categorical imperatives to artificial systems.

This paper examines 18th-century Annamese Neo-Confucian discourse on conceptual issues related to zhongguo and the hua-yi dichotomy as expressed across a diversity of 18th-century writings. I engage with Huang Chun-chieh’s theory of “contextual turn” and localized subjectivity in 18th-century East Asian Confucianisms by arguing that 18th-century Annamese Neo-Confucianism operated along a dissimilar ideological trajectory which affirmed “geographic China, political China, and cultural China” as a transdynastic and singular zhongguo from which Annam received its politico-cultural legitimation and prestige. This discourse of dependence on institutional recognition and geographical connection to the Chinese zhongguo distinguished 18th-century Annamese literati not only from contemporaneous modes of Confucian intellectuality in Japan and Joseon, but also from foundational conceptions of Vietic statehood characteristic of the early Le dynasty. My analysis of metaphysical theories invoked by 18th-century Annamese literati in their discussions of zhongguo and the rise of human civilization engages with both Huang Chun-chieh’s theory of a philological turn away from the metaphysical commitments in 18th-century East Asian Confucianisms and Alexander Woodside’s theory of pre-modern Vietnamese Confucianism being characterized by a non-metaphysical “classical primordialism.”

This paper introduces a novel method to control the operation of the active suspension system. In this research, a quarter-dynamic model is used to simulate the vehicle’s vibrations. Besides, the sliding mode-PID-integrated algorithm with five state variables is proposed to be used. This is a completely original and novel algorithm. The process of establishing the control algorithm is clearly described. The simulation is performed by the MATLAB software. The results of the paper have shown the advantages of the sliding mode-PID algorithm used in this research. Accordingly, the displacement and acceleration of the sprung mass were significantly reduced when this algorithm was used. The maximum and average values of the displacement of the sprung mass are only 1.31% and 1.29%, respectively, compared with the situation of the vehicle using a passive suspension. Similarly, the value of the acceleration is 6.98% and 2.94%, respectively. In addition, the phenomenon of “chattering” has also been significantly reduced when using this controller. In the future, some more complex algorithms can be proposed.

This chapter investigates gender differences in the prevalence of and the factors associated with abuse among Vietnamese older people. Utilizing the 2011 Vietnam Aging Survey, a nationally representative survey on aging in Vietnam, we found that the prevalence of elder abuse was higher for older women than for their male counterparts, but there were no gender differences in the likelihood of being abused in multiple logistic regression models for the full sample, controlling for other factors. However, for gender stratification samples, we observed gender differences in the factors associated with the probability of being abused. Specifically, locality of residence, financial contribution to the household, the number of children, and household income were important factors determining the likelihood of being abused for older men, while marital status and education were more important predictors of elder abuse for older women. Findings of this chapter provide empirical evidence based on the determinants of elder abuse, which are largely unexplored in Vietnam. This chapter also highlights the need for policies to tackle issues related to abuse at old ages in order to achieve healthy aging.

Using a nationwide survey of provincial institutional quality and a sample of private manufacturing small and medium scale enterprises, this paper contributes to the literature by considering for the first time the effects of corruption on the financial performance of Vietnamese private SMEs. Interestingly, contrary to previous findings, we find that corruption when measured by a dummy variable, does not affect firms’ financial performance after controlling for heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity. However, the intensity of bribery and the majority of the forms of corruption were found to have negative impacts on firms’ financial performance. Hence, a typical approach using only a dummy variable for bribery might not adequately evaluate the impact of bribe intensity or even ignores the negative impacts of some types of bribes on firms’ financial performance. The findings suggest that anti-corruption measures are vital for the development of the Vietnamese private SMEs.

Using a nationwide survey of provincial institutional quality and a sample of private manufacturing small and medium scale enterprises, this paper contributes to the literature by considering for the first time the effects of corruption on the financial performance of Vietnamese private SMEs. Interestingly, contrary to previous findings, we find that corruption when measured by a dummy variable, does not affect firms’ financial performance after controlling for heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity. However, the intensity of bribery and the majority of the forms of corruption were found to have negative impacts on firms’ financial performance. Hence, a typical approach using only a dummy variable for bribery might not adequately evaluate the impact of bribe intensity or even ignores the negative impacts of some types of bribes on firms’ financial performance. The findings suggest that anti-corruption measures are vital for the development of the Vietnamese private SMEs.