Vera Shumilina

The recent history of the field of “logics of discovery” spans half a century yet includes three major transformations in the general methodological framework. In order to discern the common patterns in this recent history of computational ideas, and to better guide future investigation in computer-related discovery in terms of reasoning by abduction, we first critically review the three phases of research from the computational point of view, focusing on the principles, achievements and obstacles in each stage. We show that the first, deductive phase, could not solve the problem of human-machine creativity. The second overemphasizes induction’s ability to discover novel hypotheses from data. The third, in turn, is an unfolding resolution to initiate the true discovery agenda via the abductive constructor we call Plausibly Anticipatorily Correct learning.

We critically examine the intersection of developmental bioelectricity within the context of the Peircean philosophy of science. We address the criticism of Peirce’s objective idealism and synechism, contest the conflation of semiotic and physical laws, and scrutinise Peirce’s recovery of physical from psychological laws. The upshot is a nonmechanistic, nonreductive interpretation of the evolution of cognition in the bioengineering realm. The work of Kull and others is leveraged to demarcate semiotics and physics, emphasising the irreducibility of bioelectric phenomena to mechanistic explanations. Our paper advocates for methodological synechism in evolutionary biology, highlighting the heightened roles of bioelectricity in morphogenesis and basal cognition. We propose the free-energy principle as a unifying arbiter that sets an explanatory pathway toward integrated cognition and meaning in developmental bioelectricity.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of economic security in the Internet environment, to identify and analyze statistical data on this issue. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time a comparison with foreign practice is made. As a result, some places that require improvement in this area are identified, the essence and understanding of new terms are revealed, and the principle of neural networks is explained. This work is devoted to the problem of the spread of economic crime associated with the use of new technologies. In view of the development of the innovative sphere, the emergence of new technologies, there are also new threats to economic security. The article examines the history of cybercrime in the economic sphere, the basic principles of economic security from the side of new technologies, and provides current statistics on economic crimes from the point of view of the loss of information security by economic entities. Recommendations for reducing the level of economic crime in the information environment are formulated.