Wahid Amin

The article begins with a philosophical question: If cosmic order implies the unity of God, does the corrosion of heaven and earth imply the plurality of gods? Although many would readily give an affirmative answer to this question, the Māturīdī theologian Saʿd al-Dīn al- Taftāzānī’s (d. 792/1390) explanation of the concept using Qurʾan 21: 22 (‘If there were other gods [in heaven and earth] besides Allāh, they would both dissolve into chaos’) sparked considerable and often heated debate among fellow Sunnī thinkers and continued to trigger controversy in later scholarship down to Maḥmūd al- Ālūsī (d. 1270/1854) and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qāsimī (d. 1332/1914). Arif examines this issue of the burhān al-tamānuʿ and explores this debate and the controversies it engendered by exploring the meaning of the counterfactual conditional statement used by the Qurʾan.

Islamic Perspectives on God and (Other) Monotheism(s) examines the rich and often contested discourse surrounding the belief in God's oneness. Despite being a foundational tenet of faith, this doctrine has been the subject of intense debate across Islamic history, with scholars disagreeing on its precise nature, implications, and theological boundaries. Bringing together leading experts in theology, philosophy, and religious studies, this volume explores how different Islamic traditions have understood God's uniqueness. It addresses key debates surrounding divine attributes, God's relation to creation, and the problem of religious language, alongside the enduring tensions between philosophical reasoning and scriptural interpretations. The book also highlights intra-Muslim disagreements on the meaning of God's oneness, from disputes between Sunni and Shia scholars to competing perspectives within kalām, legal thought, and philosophical theology. As the first in a three-part series on core Islamic doctrines, this volume offers a comprehensive and nuanced analysis of the belief in divine unity, shedding light on both historical and contemporary discussions. Essential for scholars, students, and those interested in Islamic thought, it showcases the complexity of a doctrine that unites Muslims in belief yet remains a site of deep intellectual and theological engagement.

The separated intellects play a crucial but notoriously controversial role within the Neoplatonic systems of al-Fārābī and Avicenna. While both thinkers provide an array of proofs to support the existence of such immaterial substances, the most enduring of these is based on a metaphysical rule of Avicenna’s metaphysics known as the “rule of one” (qāʿidat al-wāḥid): that from the One, only one proceeds (lā yaṣdur ʿan l-wāḥid illā l-wāḥid). The following paper explores the various ways in which Avicenna defended this principle and traces their reception in the post-classical period, thereby showing how vigorously the question of emanation was debated among scholars of the later medieval period.

Nazariyat, Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences, issued twice a year in English and Turkish (Nazariyat İslam Felsefe ve Bilim Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi), is a refereed international journal. It publishes original studies, critical editions of classical texts and book reviews on Islamic philosophy, kalām, theoretical aspects of Sufism and the history of sciences. The goal of Nazariyat is to contribute to the discovery, examination and reinterpretation of the theoretical traditions in the history of Islamic thought, by giving special attention to the post-classical period of it. **ISSN: 2148-8088 E-ISBN: 2547-9415**