•  19
    A Personalized Patient Preference Predictor for Substituted Judgments in Healthcare: Technically Feasible and Ethically Desirable
    with Brian D. Earp, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Jemima Allen, Sabine Salloch, Vynn Suren, Karin Jongsma, Matthias Braun, Dominic Wilkinson, Annette Rid, David Wendler, and Julian Savulescu
    American Journal of Bioethics 1-14. forthcoming.
    When making substituted judgments for incapacitated patients, surrogates often struggle to guess what the patient would want if they had capacity. Surrogates may also agonize over having the (sole) responsibility of making such a determination. To address such concerns, a Patient Preference Predictor (PPP) has been proposed that would use an algorithm to infer the treatment preferences of individual patients from population-level data about the known preferences of people with similar demographi…Read more
  •  10
    Who did it? Moral wrongness for us and them in the UK, US, and Brazil
    with Paulo Sérgio Boggio, Gabriel Gaudêncio Rêgo, Jim A. C. Everett, Graziela Bonato Vieira, and Rose Graves
    Philosophical Psychology. forthcoming.
    Morality has traditionally been described in terms of an impartial and objective “moral law”, and moral psychological research has largely followed in this vein, focusing on abstract moral judgments. But might our moral judgments be shaped not just by what the action is, but who is doing it? We looked at ratings of moral wrongness, manipulating whether the person doing the action was a friend, a refugee, or a stranger. We looked at these ratings across various moral foundations, and conducted th…Read more
  • Should responsibility affect who gets the kidney?
    with Lok Chan, Jana Schaich Borg, and Vincent Conitzer
    In Ben Davies, Gabriel De Marco, Neil Levy & Julian Savulescu (eds.), Responsibility and Healthcare, Oup. forthcoming.
  •  23
    Neuroscience and philosophy (edited book)
    The MIT Press. 2022.
    State-of-the-art collection on how neuroscience and philosophy can mutually illuminate each other on core psychological concepts. An interdisciplinary collection in the best sense.
  •  2
    R. M. Hare (1919–)
    In A. P. Martinich & David Sosa (eds.), A Companion to Analytic Philosophy, Blackwell. 2001.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Definition of moral judgments Prescriptivism Universalizability Rationality The master argument Utilitarianism.
  •  13
    Moral Relevance and Moral Conflict
    Philosophical Books 30 (3): 183-185. 1989.
  •  1
    Human Morality
    Philosophical Books 34 (4): 235-239. 1993.
  •  13
    The Structure of Justification
    Philosophical Quarterly 45 (180): 394-397. 1995.
  • Mixed-up meta-ethics
    In Ernest Sosa & Enrique Villanueva (eds.), Metaethics, Wiley Periodicals. 2009.
  •  9
    ADVANGEBOOKS - UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMAL LOGIC, 9E shows readers how to construct arguments in everyday life, using everyday language. In addition, this easy-to-read textbook also devotes three chapters to the formal aspects of logic including forms of argument, as well as propositional, categorical, and quantificational logic. Plus, this edition helps readers apply informal logic to legal, moral, scientific, religious, and philosophical scenarios, too. Important Notic…Read more
  •  2
    Think again: how to reason and argue--and why
    Oxford University Press. 2018.
    Our personal and political worlds are rife with arguments and disagreements, some of them petty and vitriolic. The inability to compromise and understand the opposition is epidemic today, from countries refusing to negotiate, to politicians pandering to their base. Social media has produced a virulent world where extreme positions dominate. There is much demonization of the other side, very little progress is made, and the end result is further widening of positions. How did this happen, and wha…Read more
  • Partisanship, humility, and epistemic polarization
    with Rose Graves Thomas Nadelhoffer and Mark Leary Gus Skorburg
    In Alessandra Tanesini & Michael P. Lynch (eds.), Polarisation, Arrogance, and Dogmatism: Philosophical Perspectives, Routledge. 2020.
  •  25
    Free will: philosophers and neuroscientists in conversation (edited book)
    with Uri Maoz
    Oxford University Press. 2021.
    What is free will? Can it exist in a determined universe? How can we determine who, if anyone, possesses it? Philosophers have been debating these questions for millennia. In recent decades neuroscientists have joined the fray with questions of their own. Which neural mechanisms could enable conscious control of action? What are intentional actions? Do contemporary developments in neuroscience rule out free will or, instead, illuminate how it works? Over the past few years, neuroscientists and p…Read more
  •  33
    How Stable are Moral Judgments?
    Review of Philosophy and Psychology 14 (4): 1377-1403. 2023.
    Psychologists and philosophers often work hand in hand to investigate many aspects of moral cognition. In this paper, we want to highlight one aspect that to date has been relatively neglected: the stability of moral judgment over time. After explaining why philosophers and psychologists should consider stability and then surveying previous research, we will present the results of an original three-wave longitudinal study. We asked participants to make judgments about the same acts in a series o…Read more
  •  18
    Freedom from what? Separating lay concepts of freedom
    with Claire Simmons, Paul Rehren, and John-Dylan Haynes
    Consciousness and Cognition 101 103318. 2022.
  •  12
    Which features of patients are morally relevant in ventilator triage? A survey of the UK public
    with Hazem Zohny, Julian Savulescu, Dominic Wilkinson, Vincent Conitzer, Jana Schaich Borg, and Lok Chan
    BMC Medical Ethics 23 (1): 1-14. 2022.
    BackgroundIn the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, many health systems, including those in the UK, developed triage guidelines to manage severe shortages of ventilators. At present, there is an insufficient understanding of how the public views these guidelines, and little evidence on which features of a patient the public believe should and should not be considered in ventilator triage.MethodsTwo surveys were conducted with representative UK samples. In the first survey, 525 participants w…Read more
  •  60
    Moral knowledge?: new readings in moral epistemology (edited book)
    with Mark Timmons
    Oxford University Press. 1996.
    In Moral Knowledge? New Readings in Moral Epistemology, editors Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Mark Timmons bring together eleven specially commissioned essays by distinguished moral philosophers exploring the nature and possibility of moral knowledge. Each essay represents a major position within the exciting field of moral epistemology in which a proponent of the position presents and defends his or her view and locates it vis-a-vis competing views. The authors include established philosophers s…Read more
  •  10
    Which Agent? Questions for Schechter
    Journal of Consciousness Studies 29 (1-2): 170-178. 2022.
  •  11
    Since the 1990s, many philosophers have drawn on recent advances in cognitive psychology, brain science and evolutionary psychology to inform their work. These three volumes bring together some of the most innovative work by both philosophers and psychologists in this emerging, collaboratory field.
  •  20
    Think Again: How to Reason and Argue
    Oxford University Press. 2018.
    Our personal and political worlds are rife with arguments and disagreements, some of them petty and vitriolic. The inability to compromise and understand the opposition is epidemic today, from countries refusing to negotiate, to politicians pandering to their base. Social media has produced a virulent world where extreme positions dominate. There is much demonization of the other side, very little progress is made, and the end result is further widening of positions. How did this happen, and wha…Read more
  •  63
    Moral framing effects within subjects
    Philosophical Psychology 34 (5): 611-636. 2021.
    Several philosophers and psychologists have argued that evidence of moral framing effects shows that many of our moral judgments are unreliable. However, all previous empirical work on moral framing effects has used between-subject experimental designs. We argue that between-subject designs alone do not allow us to accurately estimate the extent of moral framing effects or to properly evaluate the case from framing effects against the reliability of our moral judgments. To do better, we report r…Read more
  •  30
    Making moral principles suit yourself
    with Matthew Stanley, Paul Henne, Laura Niemi, and Felipe De Brigard
    Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1. 2021.
    Normative ethical theories and religious traditions offer general moral principles for people to follow. These moral principles are typically meant to be fixed and rigid, offering reliable guides for moral judgment and decision-making. In two preregistered studies, we found consistent evidence that agreement with general moral principles shifted depending upon events recently accessed in memory. After recalling their own personal violations of moral principles, participants agreed less strongly …Read more
  •  40
    Valence framing effects on moral judgments: A meta-analysis
    with Kelsey McDonald, Rose Graves, Siyuan Yin, and Tara Weese
    Cognition 212 (C): 104703. 2021.
  •  1
    Scrupulosity and Moral Responsibility
    In Matt King & Joshua May (eds.), Agency in Mental Disorder: Philosophical Dimensions, Oxford University Press. 2022.
    Scrupulosity is a form of OCD where patients obsess about morality and sometimes compulsively confess or atone. It involves chronic doubt and anxiety as well as deviant moral judgments. This chapter argues that Scrupulosity is a mental illness and that its distortion of moral judgments undermines, or at least reduces, patients’ moral responsibility. The authors go on to argue that this condition challenges popular deep-self theories of responsibility, which assert that one is only blameworthy or…Read more
  •  8
    Summary of Moral Skepticisms (review)
    Philosophical Books 49 (3): 193-196. 2008.
  •  302
    How AI can AID bioethics
    Journal of Practical Ethics. forthcoming.
    This paper explores some ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) could be used to improve human moral judgments in bioethics by avoiding some of the most common sources of error in moral judgment, including ignorance, confusion, and bias. It surveys three existing proposals for building human morality into AI: Top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid approaches. Then it proposes a multi-step, hybrid method, using the example of kidney allocations for transplants as a test case. The paper concludes wit…Read more
  •  52
    The truth of performatives
    International Journal of Philosophical Studies 2 (1). 1994.
    No abstract
  •  25
    Adapting a kidney exchange algorithm to align with human values
    with Rachel Freedman, Jana Schaich Borg, John P. Dickerson, and Vincent Conitzer
    Artificial Intelligence 283 (C): 103261. 2020.