Xiao hong Hu

The particularities of Chinese union practices in the private sector and their impacts on the labor relations climate have raised much controversy. This paper presents the findings of a study that analyzed data from 926 enterprises in Chongqing, China, through the lens of institutional trust. The study was designed to examine the influence of union practices on the labor relations climate at the enterprise level. Particular attention was paid to the possible moderator effect that both employee and management trust in unions had on the labor relations climate. We found that employee–union trust positively moderated the impact of union practice on the labor relations climate. However, if management–union trust exceeded employee–union trust, management–union trust weakened the moderator effect of employee–union trust. In other words, management–union trust negatively moderated employee–union trust. This article is organized as follows. In section “Introduction,” we introduce the institutions Chinese unions operate in, especially regarding disputes over the effects on the labor relations climate. In section ‘Theory and hypotheses,” we review the literature and develop the hypotheses. In section “Materials and methods”, we describe the data and method, and in section “Results,” we present the results of the model. Finally, in section “Discussion,” we discuss the implications for China’s union development and note the limitations of the study.

Online health communities have enjoyed increasing popularity in recent years, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, several concerns have been raised regarding the privacy of users’ personal information in OHCs. Considering that OHCs are a type of data-sharing or data-driven platform, it is crucial to determine whether users’ health information privacy concerns influence their behaviors in OHCs. Thus, by conducting a survey, this study explores the impact of users’ health information privacy concerns on their engagement and payment behavior in OHCs. The empirical results show that users’ concerns about health information privacy reduce their Paid in OHCs by negatively influencing their OHC engagement. Further analysis reveals that if users have higher benefit appraisals and lower threat appraisals, the negative effect of health information privacy concerns on users’ OHC engagement will decrease.

Based on the quarterly data of mutual funds in China from the fourth quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2019, this paper constructs a series of complex bipartite networks based on the overlapped portfolios of mutual funds and then explores the influences of fund network position on mutual fund’s investment behavior and performance. This paper finds that a mutual fund with shorter information transmission path to other entities in the fund network or with stronger ties with those entities in important information positions will achieve better investment performance. However, a stronger mediating role over the potential information flow of the fund network cannot help a mutual fund increase performance. The empirical results also indicate that a mutual fund holding stock portfolios with high valuation difficulties caused by the market or fundamental information uncertainty will achieve better investment performance, while holding hard-to-value portfolios caused by limited public information will reduce the performance of the fund. Furthermore, high closeness centrality or eigenvector centrality can help mutual funds deal with the disclose problems of public information, thus reducing the likelihood of a mutual fund holding hard-to-value portfolios caused by limited public information to achieve worse performance. Eigenvector centrality brings information advantages about company fundamentals, so it is easier for a mutual fund with high eigenvector centrality to profit from holding hard-to-value portfolios caused by the fundamental information uncertainty. The conclusions of this paper can enhance our understanding of the fund network and its information mechanism and shed new light on mutual fund’s information advantages and related asset allocation strategies.

The issue of ideology is a very important proposition in Marxist theory. In the course of their scientific exploration to establish historical materialism and in their critique of the whole of capitalist society and culture, as represented by Germany, Marx and Engels always treated materialist inquiries into ideological issues as the focus of their struggle with idealism. By adhering to the fundamental intellectual principle that man’s social being determines his social consciousness, they defined ideology’s reactive mechanism and social function in terms of the interrelationship of economic, political and mental life; defined its subjective mechanism and class attributes in terms of the mutually generative and prescriptive relations between social consciousness and social entities; and defined its cognitive features and its character of practicality in terms of the forms of existence of social consciousness and the relationship of knowing and doing. From this they constructed three dimensions and nine perspectives for interpreting ideological phenomena and clarified intellectual tenets and a scientific methodology for understanding ideology.

Philosophy as a "thinking mind" of the epistemological position that it has a strong reflective, also constitutes its transcendence. Philosophical reflection and the characteristics of transcendental thought, by the philosophy of understanding the nature of objects and their relations with the provisions of the object, the philosophy of the poor is Jiu Li also increased from the first mission with the intermediary of progressive thinking process requirements. They are the important thinking of philosophy that rationale. Philosophy, as the thought on thoughts in the epistemology orientation, indicates that it contains intensive introspection; which constructs the philosophy's transcendentalism. Thought or the essential relationship of object, and also, is determined by the mission of philosophy-Supremacy of thought and by the intermediary progressive course. As it is mentioned above, those are the characteristics of philosophy's introspection and transcendentalism, which is determined by the object important basis of philosophy