Xiaoqin Yao

_Purpose._ This article aims to study ways of reconsidering the naive and optimistic view of technology in contemporary philosophical literature. _Theoretical basis._ The research draws on the concepts of phenomenology and philosophical anthropology. _Originality._ The focus of critical reflection is on negative trends in technological development that pose a threat to humanity’s survival. In this context, the in-depth study of philosophical questions about what technology is and what it means to be human becomes particularly relevant. Naive interpretations often suggest that technology plays a central role in shaping human identity. For instance, Marxism embodies this idea, viewing the level of technological development (tools and means of production) as both a primary factor in historical human formation and a measure of social progress. Naivety also manifests in the belief that radical global change is justified. However, as modern scholars of the history of philosophy and philosophy of technology convincingly argue, these views are superficial and rely on partial readings of classical texts. Today, the recognition of non-technical factors – such as language, rituals, and play – in human development is widely accepted and productive. A deeper understanding of current technological interpretations opens new perspectives for exploring humans’ role in culture and exploring human responsibility. _Conclusions._ In modern times, the most urgent issue is how people’s relationship with technology is evolving. This is reflected in growing uncertainty and fear. Modern researchers warn that the naive reception of technology as a tool results in disconnecting technology from culture, philosophy, and ethics. The emancipation of technical rationality from value-based one, breaking the link between philosophy and science, truth and goodness, is particularly troubling. Consequently, there is an urgent need to find ways to humanize technology, beginning with a fundamental rethink of the technomorphic view that defines humans as tool makers. The marginalization of humans stems from the dominance of ideas portraying technology as an external tool. Recognizing the importance of language, rituals, and play in human development is both profound and justified. The notion that technology is a means to realize human essence – that is, working on oneself (psyche) – remains compelling. Moving beyond naive views of technology and developing sound philosophical frameworks is a crucial step towards understanding human nature and discovering one’s purpose in the universe. A detailed exploration of this concept will be the subject of the next publication.