Xin Yu

The global aging population has rendered dementia a critical public health challenge, with approximately 47 million people affected worldwide in 2015, a number projected to reach 132 million by 2050. Upholding dignity is widely recognized as a core ethical obligation in dementia care. However, the perspectives of healthcare professionals, who serve as the direct practitioners of dignity care, have not yet been systematically synthesized. This study aims to systematically synthesize qualitative research on healthcare professionals' perspectives regarding dignity care for patients with dementia in order to inform clinical practice, care management, and policy development. This study followed the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ). A systematic search was conducted across ten Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, from database inception to November 25, 2025. Two reviewers independently screened articles against eligibility criteria and assessed quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. A total of 13 studies were included, comprising qualitative studies and the qualitative components of mixed methods studies that explored healthcare professionals' perspectives on dignity care for patients with dementia. Data were synthesized using Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis approach. The synthesis generated four analytical themes and twelve subthemes: (1) the ethical foundation of dignity care; (2) multidimensional practice strategies for dignity care; (3) dilemmas and adaptive strategies in dignity care; and (4) influencing factors of dignity care. Across these themes, healthcare professionals described central tensions involving the dynamic balance between authenticity and protection, autonomy support and necessary care, and professional boundaries and emotional connection. Dignity care for patients with dementia is not a standardized technical procedure, but a dynamic, context-bound practice grounded in ethical relationships. Its realization requires not only individual ethical sensitivity and practical wisdom but also supportive organizational cultures, adequate institutional resources, and broader societal recognition of the value of elderly care.

In this article, modern approach problems in teaching foreign languages, are revealed, as they have a special specificity that a foreign language teacher cannot ignore during the lessons. According to the author modern approaches are of great importance in the organization of the learning process. The author divides these approaches into several types as student –centered approach, interactive approach, an approach of development education, game learning, problematic approach, communicative approach, project method and the competence-based approach. As the author considers all of these approaches have their own features and foreign language teachers should take into account when they conduct lessons. The author highlights the main problems in this sphere.

The study of phenomenological Marxism in China can be divided into three stages up to the present. The first stage spanned from the 1980s to the second half of the 1990s. During this period Luo Keting consciously set up the project of combining phenomenology with Marxism, and the boom in Sartre studies brought about the wide spread of existential Marxism. The second stage spanned from the second half of the 1990s to the 2010s, when Marxist researchers and Western philosophical researchers in China energetically attempted the combination of phenomenology and Marxism. The third stage has run from 2010s to the present, in which specialized teams of researchers have researched phenomenological Marxism, and Chinese researchers have gradually showed their own awareness of problems facing Chinese society. However, how a phenomenological Marxism based on subjectivity can construct a holistic view of history is a problem that still needs to be deeply explored.

Empirical research is largely supportive of the assertion of instrumental stakeholder theory that a positive relationship exists between “managing for stakeholders” and firm performance. However, despite considerable debate on the subject, the amount of variation across firm investments in stakeholders (stakeholder management performance) has not been adequately investigated. We address this gap using a sample of more than eighteen thousand firm-level observations over ten years. We find evidence to support an inverted U–shaped relationship between variation in stakeholder management performance and Tobin’sq, suggesting that firms that have some imbalance in their stakeholder management, but not too much, perform best. We discuss the implications of our study for instrumental stakeholder theory and managerial practice.

Instrumental stakeholder theory seeks to explain how managing stakeholders effectively can yield competitive advantage for incumbent firms. We extend instrumental stakeholder theory to explain and predict future competition operationalized as new entrepreneurial entries. Our study is among the first to empirically examine the relationships between aggregate stakeholder management performance and the entrepreneurial entries of individuals. Using a combined U.S. dataset from 2003 to 2013 from the Kinder, Lydenberg and Domini Index, Compustat, and Kauffman’s Entrepreneurship Survey, we find support for three hypotheses. First, higher levels of stakeholder management performance are related to lower rates of entrepreneurial entry. Second, a curvilinear relationship exists between stakeholder management performance and entrepreneurial entry, where both low and very high stakeholder management performance increase entrepreneurial entry. Third, the greater the variance in stakeholder management performance across stakeholders, the more entrepreneurial entry. Our findings suggest that managing for stakeholders can help to avoid future competition. We add an entrepreneurship lens to the business ethics of stakeholder theory showing how incumbent stakeholder management performance shapes opportunities for entrepreneurs, a largely neglected stakeholder group.

E. Husserl's reflections in Logical Investigations on "Intentional Feelings" and "non-intentional feelings" are significant in both his later ethical explorations and M. Scheler's thought on ethics. Through the incorporation of the views of Husserl and Scheler, we find that the phenomenology of the intentional feeling-acts is not only the foundation of the non-formal ethics of values in Scheler's phenomenology, but also at least the constitutive foundation of the ethics of Husserl's first orientation. /// 胡塞尔在 "逻辑研究" 中对 "意向感受" 和 "非意向感受" 的思考，无论是 在他后来的伦理学探讨中，还是在舍勒的伦理学思想中，都具有重要的意义。通过 将胡塞尔与舍勒的视域融合，可以发现，意向感受行为现象学不仅是舍勒现象学的 质料的价值伦理学基础，而且至少可以是胡塞尔第一个方向上的伦理学的建构基础。.

Human beings' moral life can be divided into two forms, one based on moral instincts and the other on moral judgments. The former is carried on without deliberation, while the latter relies upon valuations and judgments. The two can ultimately be viewed as man's innate moral nature and acquired moral conventions. Theoretically, preference for the former will lead to naturalism and for the latter to culturalism, but this is the reality of man's moral life. Moreover, there may be a parallel relation between the moral structure of human life and the grammatical structure of human language. /// 人类道德生活形式可以大致分为两种:一种是出自道德本能的，一种是出自 道德判断的。前者是不假思索的，后者是依据评价判断的。它们最终可以归结为人 类的先天道德本性和后天道德约定。在理论上，对前者的偏好会导向自然主义，对 后者的偏好会导向文化主义。但这是人类道德生活的现实。此外，在人类生活的道 德结构与人类语言的句法结构之间，很可能存在着一种平行的关系。.

From the example of the acrobat used by Lipps, Stein refuted Lipps’ concept of empathy by her own empathy dened by primordiality and non-primordiality, and then creatively dierentiated between Einfühlung and Einsfühlung. is distinction aected Scheler so much that he revised and expanded his work on sympathy. In particular, he added the fourth type of Einsfühlung in the classication of intersubjective emotional acts. But Scheler’s Einsfühlung is quite dierent from Stein’s. He took Einsfühlung as a heightened form of infection [Gefühlsansteckung]. By Makkreel’s misunderstanding that Scheler’s Einsfühlung is an intensication of Einfühlung, we point out what Scheler means by the term of Einfühlung, and that Nachfühlung is identical with Einfühlung in Stein’s sense, which is armed by the words of both authors. While Stein’s Einsfühlung becomes possible only through Einfühlung, Scheler’s Einsfühlung excludes Nachfühlung. But Stein’s Einsfühlung is more similar with his Miteinanderfühlen. For Scheler, it is based on Nachfühlung although Nachfueühlung seems to be undierentiated from it here. Stein and Scheler accomplished their own theories in dierent directions in interaction