Yang Shen

Art and philosophy are the two major elements of the human world. The existence of art and philosophy can expand the spiritual world of human beings to a greater extent and enrich their spiritual life, thus supporting the construction of the material world. And music, as an aural art, has also been given a philosophical meaning in the evolution of history because of its birth and development. Therefore, when studying music, one should first study the history of music. The philosophy of music history education is not only profound and contains world culture and philosophy, but also carries history and economy. Music history education is also a vivid art form of philosophy, where teachers create an artistic beauty to attract students and achieve the purpose of imparting knowledge by optimizing their educational philosophy. To develop the philosophy of education to its fullest extent, teachers must adhere to the concepts associated with the philosophy of art. To explain this process in greater depth, this paper provides a brief review of the aesthetic philosophy and historical evolution of Chinese.

The essence of Marxist philosophy is a philosophical criticism of society, and its development is driven by its philosophical criticism of social phenomena. Examining and criticizing music from a philosophical perspective can provide us with a brand new theoretical framework for music philosophy, exploring and applying new philosophical theories to analyze the fusion of ethnic elements in modern music composition, thereby expanding the philosophical field of music. This paper first introduces the concept and development of Marx's philosophy and philosophical view of music, then analyzes the characteristics and current situation of the fusion of ethnic elements in modern music composition and discusses the criticality and practicality of the fusion of ethnic elements in modern music composition under the perspective of Marx's philosophical view. Finally, it is pointed out that the fusion of ethnic elements in modern music composition has the philosophical basis of combining formal analysis with meaning interpretation, technical rationality with musical aesthetics, and intersubjectivity. From the perspective of Marxist philosophy, exploring the philosophical foundation of the combination of modern music composition and ethnic factors helps to deeply analyze the philosophical connotations of modern music composition and ethnic elements, seek dialogue and understanding between modern music and ethnic elements, and reshape human sensory understanding.

Environmental taxation is often seen as a necessary tool for promoting sustainability, yet its impact on employment remains a subject of debate. This study empirically examines how China's environmental protection tax (EPT) affects labor demand, uncovering distinct responses among firms of different sizes. Using a triple-difference approach, we find that environmental taxes lead to job losses primarily by increasing production costs, which, in turn, drive firms to either cut output or invest in greener technologies. Large firms tend to mitigate tax burdens by adopting cleaner production methods and improving efficiency, while small firms, facing financial constraints, often resort to reducing production, leading to more significant employment declines. Further analysis reveals that low-skilled workers bear a disproportionate share of job losses, raising concerns about social inequality. However, government green subsidies play a crucial role in cushioning the negative effects by helping firms transition to environmentally friendly operations without sacrificing jobs. These findings underscore the need for balanced environmental policies that support businesses in adapting to regulatory changes while minimizing labor market disruptions. This study not only highlights the unintended employment consequences of environmental taxation but also provides policy insights for fostering both economic stability and environmental sustainability.

In exploring the profound interplay between aesthetic experience and psychological needs within piano performance, this study adopts a philosophical lens, particularly through the dimensions of aesthetics, challenge, and novelty, guided by the BRECVEMA theoretical model. Through rigorous statistical analysis, including ANOVA, we delved into how different piano playing techniques affect these core dimensions, revealing that technique significantly influences aesthetic enjoyment (F=27.394). Notably, a nuanced delay in technique yielded the highest aesthetic ratings (7.39) among advanced players, underscoring the intricate relationship between skill execution and aesthetic perception. Moreover, the challenge dimension, pivotal in shaping performers' engagement, varied significantly with experience level and technique (F=21.063). Beginner players found variations less challenging (rated 3.42) compared to advanced players (rated 4.86), highlighting how psychological needs evolve with proficiency. The novelty dimension exhibited the most pronounced effect (F=30.05), with beginners experiencing heightened psychological challenges as they navigated skill enhancement (R²=0.65, adjusted R²=0.62), suggesting that mastering new skills is integral to their aesthetic journey. In contrast, for advanced players, the capacity for self-expression emerged as paramount, directly influencing their aesthetic enjoyment (R²=0.75). This shift indicates a deeper philosophical and potentially spiritual engagement with music, where self-expression transcends mere performance to fulfill more profound psychological needs. This analysis not only sheds light on the intrinsic connection between aesthetic experience and psychological fulfillment in piano performance but also invites a philosophical contemplation of how these elements reflect broader spiritual and existential themes, thus enriching our understanding of art as a medium for profound human expression and connection.

The immunoreceptor NKG2D originally identified in natural killer cells recognizes ligands that are upregulated on tumor cells. Expression of NKG2D ligands is induced by the DNA damage response, which is often activated constitutively in cancer cells, revealing them to NK cells as a mechanism of immunosurveillance. Here, we report that the induction of retinoic acid early transcript 1 ligands for NKG2D by the DDR relies on a STING-dependent DNA sensor pathway involving the effector molecules TBK1 and IRF3. Cytosolic DNA was detected in lymphoma cell lines that express RAE1 and its occurrence required activation of the DDR. Transfection of DNA into ligand-negative cells was sufficient to induce RAE1 expression. Irf3 +/-;Em-Myc mice expressed lower levels of RAE1 on tumor cells and showed a reduced survival rate compared with Irf3+/+;Em-Myc mice. Taken together, our results suggest that genomic damage in tumor cells leads to activation of STING-dependent DNA sensor pathways, thereby activating RAE1 and enabling tumor immunosurveillance. © 2014 American Association for Cancer Research.

A total of 25 Chinese patients aged 6 to 36 months hospitalised at Beijing Children's Hospital due to melamine-induced kidney stones complicated by acute obstructive renal failure in 2008 were included in a study in order to diagnose and treat these special cases more effectively. Feeding history, clinical presentation, ultrasound findings, treatments and effects were summarised. Twelve to seventeen months follow-up was reported also. Ultrasound examination showed that calculi were located at the kidney and ureters. Stones were composed of both uric acid and melamine in a molar ratio of 1.2:1 to 2.1:1. Treatments providing liquid plus alkalisation of urine proved to be effective in helping the patients pass the stones. Surgical intervention was needed in severe cases. Renal function returned to normal in all 25 patients after various durations of therapy. Sixty-eight percent of the patients expelled all of the calculi within 3 months, 90% in 6 months and 95% in 9 months, without sequelae till now. Melamine-contaminated milk formula can cause kidney stones in infants, which should be diagnosed by feeding history, clinical symptoms and ultrasound examination. Composition of the stones was not only of melamine but also uric acid. Providing liquid orally or intravenously plus alkalisation of urine proved to promote the removal of the stones. Follow-up of 12 to 17 months after discharge showed no sequelae.

© 2015 Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.Ambulance diversion, which occurs when a hospital emergency department is temporarily closed to incoming ambulance traffic, is an important system-level interruption that causes delays in treatment and potentially lower quality of care. There is little empirical evidence investigating the mechanisms through which ambulance diversion might affect patient outcomes. We investigated whether ambulance diversion affects access to technology, likelihood of treatment, and ultimately health outcomes for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction in twenty-six California counties. We found that patients whose nearest hospital ED had significant ambulance diversions experienced reduced access to hospitals with cardiac technology. This led to a 4.6 percent decreased likelihood of revascularization and a 9.8 percent increase in one-year mortality compared to patients who did not experience diversion. Policy makers may wish to consider creating a policy to specifically manage certain time-sensitive conditions that require technological intervention during periods of ambulance diversion.