Yiting Xu

This study critically examines the institutional logic and practical transformation of higher education management in the context of globalization, digitalization, and governance modernization. Contemporary universities are increasingly influenced by managerial reforms, performance-oriented evaluation systems, digital governance technologies, and global ranking competition, resulting in profound structural changes in university governance. Drawing upon institutional logic theory and theories of practical rationality, this paper analyzes the coexistence and conflict of academic, administrative, market, and technological logics within higher education institutions. The study further explores major governance contradictions, including administrative expansion, academic marginalization, managerialism, technological alienation, and institutional homogenization. In response to these challenges, the paper proposes several practical pathways for higher education management innovation, including collaborative governance, human-centered educational management, ethical intelligent governance, and localized governance reform within the Chinese context. Finally, the study discusses future governance trends emphasizing ecological governance, adaptive governance, and value reconstruction. The paper argues that higher education governance innovation should not merely pursue efficiency and technological advancement, but should ultimately preserve educational humanity, academic autonomy, and social responsibility.

© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that human thought is shaped by language, leading speakers of different languages to think differently. This hypothesis has sparked both enthusiasm and controversy, but despite its prominence it has only occasionally been addressed in computational terms. Recent developments support a view of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in terms of probabilistic inference. This view may resolve some of the controversy surrounding the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and may help to normalize the hypothesis by linking it to established principles that also explain other phenomena. On this view, effects of language on nonlinguistic cognition or perception reflect standard principles of inference under uncertainty.

© 2015 Elsevier Inc.The breakthrough of induced pluripotent stem cell technology has raised the possibility that patient-specific iPSCs may become a renewable source of autologous cells for cell therapy without the concern of immune rejection. However, the immunogenicity of autologous human iPSC -derived cells is not well understood. Using a humanized mouse model reconstituted with a functional human immune system, we demonstrate that most teratomas formed by autologous integration-free hiPSCs exhibit local infiltration of antigen-specific T cells and associated tissue necrosis, indicating immune rejection of certain hiPSC-derived cells. In this context, autologous hiPSC-derived smooth muscle cells appear to be highly immunogenic, while autologous hiPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells are immune tolerated even in non-ocular locations. This differential immunogenicity is due in part to abnormal expression of immunogenic antigens in hiPSC-derived SMCs, but not in hiPSC-derived RPEs. These findings support the feasibility of developing hiPSC-derived RPEs for treating macular degeneration.