Youssef M. Abu Amuna

This study objective to identify organizational silence and its impact on job performance through an applied study on employees in NGOs in southern governorates, Palestine. NGOs may not be focused as a community for researchers due to their aims, but employees are humans whether they work in the commercial, public, or non-profit sectors. Organizational silence is a common occurrence in both the public and commercial sectors. Organizational silence in NGOs was not discussed widely. Researchers used questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, and the descriptive and analytical approach to conduct the study results. The study population consist of NGOs employees whom working in administrative and technical positions. Researchers used stratified random sampling method, and (367) questionnaires were distributed, while (295) questionnaires were retrieved with rate of recovery (80.4%). SPSS for statistical data analysis, and a multiple regression method to measure the impact were used. The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant effect of organizational silence among workers in NGOs on job performance by 18.6 %. Also results indicates that organizational silence in NGOs was 48.91%. Results for organizational silence cleared that employee resists pressure from others to induce him to speak about the organization's problems, knowing that he may be harmed by officials, and employee avoids disclosing any confidential information related to the work aimed at achieving benefit to the organization. The study suggested that a fair and consistent system of compensation and incentives based on work be implemented, as well as developing employee confidence by allowing them to participate in decision-making, which helps to reduce organizational quiet. Also study suggested to reduce the phenomenon of organizational silence by enhancing the employees' capabilities in giving them full authority in the exercise of their work and encouraging them to participate in making decisions. Recommendations suggested increasing upper management's awareness of the concept of organizational silence behavior and the necessity to avoid centralizing decision-making and to activate participatory management. Add to that the need to foster personal initiative through a system of pecuniary and moral incentives, as well as promote innovation and learning culture. NGOs must pick personnel who are knowledgeable and related to the business whose job performance they will analyze in order to achieve efficiency in job performance. In addition, regulations to hold low-performing employees accountable and set standards that drive them, as well as reinforcing systems of material and moral incentives to encourage people to work beyond hours, which leads to increased productivity, are needed.

The study aimed to identify increasing efficiency of Palestinian university performance through the implementation of e-learning strategies in Palestinian universities (Al-Azhar University, Islamic university, Al-Aqsa University). The analytical descriptive approach was used for this purpose, and relying on the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection. The study society is from the senior management, where the number of senior management in the universities in question is 206. The random stratified sample was selected, and the Statistical Analysis of Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used. The study found a significant relationship between e-learning strategies and the efficiency of university performance. The study also showed that senior management in Palestinian universities does not care about providing the appropriate budget for e-learning. The study also showed that senior management in Palestinian universities does not help to adhere to the performance standards set by the university. The study also found that the senior management in the Palestinian universities participates in the research that develops the university performance but does not care about following the policies of implementing the development of scientific research. The study recommended that the senior management of Palestinian universities should provide an e-learning budget and encourage employees to continue using e-learning strategies. It also recommended that senior management should focus on developing measures that would help to increase efficiency of performance. The study also recommended that senior management in Palestinian universities should adopt distinguished research and support, and the need to encourage interest in the implementation of policies for the development of scientific research

The study aimed to measure the effect of Crowdfunding financing on entrepreneurship aspirations in Arabic region. Population consists of members in (15) Crowdfunding Arabic platforms which are working with all models and online at (2018). Descriptive approach and a questionnaire used as a tool for this research. The results showed that Crowdfunding financing effect positively on entrepreneurship aspirations, Crowdfunding used mostly to finance small business or microfinance and charity. Add to that, Crowdfunding leads to financial efficiency and costs reduction, more flexible payments methods and more opportunities for entrepreneurs. The study recommended the importance of entrepreneurship culture and its role in promoting entrepreneurs, the effect off Fintech and various e-banking and e-payments methods, and the need of more interest in innovation and creativity.

This paper aims to study the impact of Crowdfunding financial attributes on entrepreneurship risk taking. This study was applied on Arabic Crowdfunding platforms from all crowdfunding models. The population of the study consists of individuals, entrepreneurs, investors, employees at electronic-crowd funding Arabic platforms. According to last statics at (2018), there are (12) legit Arabic platforms working in this field. Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability Correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression. The overall findings of the current paper show that there is a significant statistical impact for financial properties on entrepreneurship and this effect around (25%). Furthermore, the current paper is unique by topic and population as it is the first study on Arabic crowdfunding platforms.

The study aimed to identify e-learning strategies and their relation to increasing the efficiency of research performance in foreign and Palestinian universities (University of Ottawa, Munster, Suez Canal, Al-Azhar, Islamic, Al-Aqsa). The analytical descriptive approach was used for this purpose, and relying on the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection. The study society consists of senior management in Palestinian universities, where the number of senior management personnel in the universities was 206. The random stratified sample was selected, and the Statistical Analysis of Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used. The study found a significant relationship between e-learning strategies and the efficiency of research performance in universities. It also reached the participation of senior management in the research that develops the university performance in the Palestinian universities. The senior management indicated that they care to follow the policies of implementing the development of scientific research. While the senior management in foreign universities indicated that they are interested in the sequence of policies to implement the development of scientific research. The study also showed that senior management in Palestinian universities interested in providing the appropriate budget for elearning. The study recommended that the senior management of Palestinian universities should provide an e-learning budget and encourage employees to continue using e-learning strategies. The administration in the Palestinian universities should adopt and support outstanding research, and the need to encourage interest in the implementation of policies for the development of scientific research.

The aim of the study is to highlight the interaction relation between Crowdfunding platforms sponsors and entrepreneurship in Arabic region. Population consists of members in (12) Crowdfunding Arabic platforms which are working with all models and online at (2018). Descriptive approach and a questionnaire used as a tool for this research. The results showed that Crowdfunding sponsors play an important role to attract investors and entrepreneurs. Also the diversity of sponsors (companies, incubators, banks, universities, etc..) is an important matter in Crowdfunding platforms. The sponsors influence positively on entrepreneurship. Sponsors as part of those platforms give more trust for members, and the type of services that provided through the platforms is and added value for customers. The study recommended more support to Crowdfunding platforms in Arabic region by including more sponsors in Crowdfunding platforms. The services in each Crowdfunding platform must be attractive and rescannable. The level of guarantees, security, money transfer and disclosure are essentials factors for the success of the Crowdfunding platforms especially in the Arabic region as the culture of trust in e-transaction is still extremely low.

The study aimed to identify the effect of applying detection and prevention tools for career fraud in combating and preventing fraud and reducing its risks through an applied study on Palestinian Ministry of Health in Gaza Strip, Palestine. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the questionnaire as a main tool to collect data, and the descriptive and analytical approach to conducting the study. The study population consisted of (501) supervisory employees working at MOH in Gaza Strip, Palestine. The researchers used the stratified random sample method and the multiple regression method to measure the effect. The study concluded a set of results, the most important of which is a positive evaluation among respondents about the levels of application of tools to detect and prevent job fraud within MOH, and the presence of a high interest in tools to prevent job fraud during the implementation of its various work. The study recommended the necessity for the Palestinian National Authority to develop and approve laws regulating health sector, so that those laws guarantee the prevention of conflicts of interest, especially for the category of doctors, by preventing job duplication of doctors working in the government sector. Also study recommended the need for MOH to adopt principles of health sector governance and begin immediately to implement them. This process to ensure transparency, disclosure and accountability in the business framework in a manner that realizes the effective protection of stakeholders and does not compromise or discriminate in the application of these principles, which ensures that all forms of job fraud are organized in an organized manner and within fixed legal frameworks.

The study aimed to identify the effect of return on investment evaluation for training on job performance conducted by a case study on Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the questionnaire as a main tool to collect data, and the descriptive and analytical approach to conducting the study. The study population consisted of (892) employees working at IUG, Palestine. The researchers used the stratified random sample method and the multiple regression method to measure the effect. The study tool was distributed on the sample (263). Further interviews were conducted with high level management. The results of the study showed that there is an exploitation of the university's resources in training and qualifying employees through holding specialized programs and courses implemented by the specialized authorities at the university, with an average direct relationship between the evaluation of the return on investment in training and job performance. Training also contributes to the acquisition of new skills by the employees and the increase in knowledge outcomes of the employees that qualify them in the job they work for. The study recommended the necessity of working on holding more training programs that are suitable for the employee's time frame to facilitate their enrollment, and selecting work-related programs to develop their skills and solve problems facing them during work while developing these programs to enhance the culture of knowledge exchange between workers at the same job level. Also the study recommended adopting accountability policies for employees with low job performance and setting standards that motivate them.

This study aimed to identify job burnout and its impact on organizational silence through an applied study on employees in NGOs in southern governorates, Palestine. NGOs might be not focused as community for researchers according to their missions nature, but employees are humans even they work in private, public, or NGOs. Job burnout old phenomenon widespread mostly in public and private sectors. Job burnout and organizational silence in NGOs were not discussed widely. Researchers used questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, and the descriptive and analytical approach to conduct the study results. The study population consist of NGOs employees whom working in administrative and technical positions. Researchers used stratified random sampling method, and (367) questionnaires were distributed, while (295) questionnaires were retrieved with rate of recovery (80.4%). SPSS for statistical data analysis, and a multiple regression method to measure the impact were used. The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant effect of job burnout among workers in NGOs on organizational silence by 63.3%. Also results indicates that job burnout in NGOs was by 44.72%, divided into (Emotional exhaustion, 55.33%, Professional efficacy, 44.16%, Cynicism is 34.68%). Results for organizational silence cleared that silence exist with 49.91%, employee resists pressure from others to induce him to speak about the organization's problems, knowing that he may be harmed by officials, and employee avoids disclosing any confidential information related to the work aimed at achieving benefit to the organization. The study recommended the necessity of a fair and stable system of salaries and incentives in line with the exerted effort and instilling confidence between employees by giving them participation in decision-making, which in turn contributes to reducing job burnout. Also study suggested to reduce the phenomenon of job burnout by enhancing the employees' capabilities in giving them full authority in the exercise of their work and encouraging them to participate in making decisions. Also the study recommended entering employees into awareness training courses that help them deal with the phenomenon of job burnout through employee involvement and their participation in solving work-related problems and use of flexibility at work, which helps reduce employee burnout. Recommendations for organizational silence suggested increasing upper management's awareness of the concept of

This study aimed to identify the relationship between green human resource management practices and organizational performance. The case study conducted on Gaza University employees in Palestine. The sample of the study was complete census (100) employees using questionnaire as a main tool for primary data collection. Descriptive and quantitative approach used in this article. The general results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between GHRM practices and organizational performance. According to static analysis, there is no clear vision about the selection steps at Gaza University that take away the environmental considerations of the job vacancy, as well as the steps in training employees a do not depend on the environmental dimension. The study recommended serious and continuous work to increase environmental awareness and the need to encourage the University for more GHRM practices using encouraging compensation plans and incentives develop and sustain environmental achievements. Also the study recommended that environmental performance evaluation must be within the job evaluation, the necessity of incorporating environmental management goals into the university performance evaluation model, and formulating green goals and objectives.

Abstract: The study aimed to measure the effect of Crowdfunding financing on entrepreneurship aspirations in Arabic region. Population consists of members in (15) Crowdfunding Arabic platforms which are working with all models and online at (2018). Descriptive approach and a questionnaire used as a tool for this research. The results showed that Crowdfunding financing effect positively on entrepreneurship aspirations, Crowdfunding used mostly to finance small business or microfinance and charity. Add to that, Crowdfunding leads to financial efficiency and costs reduction, more flexible payments methods and more opportunities for entrepreneurs. The study recommended the importance of entrepreneurship culture and its role in promoting entrepreneurs, the effect off Fintech and various e-banking and e-payments methods, and the need of more interest in innovation and creativity.