Yu Zhao

Schelling’s System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) cannot be interpreted as a work of transcendental philosophy in the Kantian sense of grounding philosophy in the conditions of possibility of knowledge, nor in the early Fichtean sense of deriving philosophy from the self’s activity. Instead, this paper shows that Schelling’s STI develops a new form of transcendental philosophy that provides the foundation for understanding the relationship between transcendental philosophy and the philosophy of nature. This new framework makes possible an independent philosophy of nature that stands in parallel to transcendental philosophy, rather than being derived from it. Through analysis of the structure of the STI and its key concepts—particularly the introduction of the Absolute and the role of artistic intuition—this paper argues how this new transcendental philosophy not only foreshadows the philosophy of identity but also calls for a reconsideration of what transcendental philosophy can mean.

Atmospheric pollution is deteriorating, which has affected the evolution of respiratory disease for the exposed human worldwide. Thus, exploring the influence of air pollution on the evolution of disease transmission dynamics is a significant issue. In this article, a stochastic susceptible-infective epidemic model in a polluted atmospheric environment is investigated. The existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution are established. In virtue of the aggregation methods and Lyapunov function, the sufficient conditions of disease extinction, persistence, and existence of the stationary distribution are established, respectively. TakingPM2.5concentration as the air pollutant index, numerical simulations are carried out to support these results. Our results indicated that the disease transmission dynamics are significantly associated with the environmental atmospheric pollution and fluctuation.

The mechanical environment crucially influences many cell functions 1. However, it remains largely mysterious how mechanical stimuli are transmitted into biochemical signals. Src is known to regulate the integrin-cytoskeleton interaction2, which is essential for the transduction of mechanical stimuli3-5. Using fluorescent resonance energy transfer, here we develop a genetically encoded Src reporter that enables the imaging and quantification of spatio-temporal activation of Src in live cells. We introduced a local mechanical stimulation to human umbilical vein endothelial cells by applying laser-tweezer traction on fibronectin-coated beads adhering to the cells. Using the Src reporter, we observed a rapid distal Src activation and a slower directional wave propagation of Src activation along the plasma membrane. This wave propagated away from the stimulation site with a speed of 18.1 ± 1.7 nm s-1. This force-induced directional and long-range activation of Src was abolished by the disruption of actin filaments or microtubules. Our reporter has thus made it possible to monitor mechanotransduction in live cells with spatio-temporal characterization. We find that the transmission of mechanically induced Src activation is a dynamic process that directs signals via the cytoskeleton to spatial destinations.

The traction forces exerted by an adherent cell on a substrate have been studied only in the two-dimensions tangential to substrate surface. We developed a novel technique to measure the three-dimensional traction forces exerted by live bovine aortic endothelial cells on polyacrylamide deformable substrate. On 3D images acquired by confocal microscopy, displacements were determined with image-processing programs, and traction forces in tangential and normal directions were computed by finite element method. BAECs generated traction force in normal direction with an order of magnitude comparable to Txy. Tz is upward at the cell edge and downward under the nucleus, changing continuously with a sign reversal between cell edge and nucleus edge. The method was evaluated regarding accuracy and precision of displacement measurements, effects of FE mesh size, displacement noises, and simple bootstrapping. These results provide new insights into cell-matrix interactions in terms of spatial and temporal variations in traction forces in 3D. This technique can be applied to study live cells to assess their biomechanical dynamics in conjunction with biochemical and functional activities, for investigating cellular functions in health and disease.

Background: Optical Doppler tomography combines laser Doppler flowmetry with optical coherence tomography to obtain high-resolution images of blood flow in human skin in situ and in real time. Observations: We present a case in which ODT was used on a patient with a port-wine stain birth-mark to document the change of blood flow in response to laser therapy. It might be possible to use ODT blood flow measurements in situ to assist in assessing the efficacy of laser PWS therapy. If partial restoration of flow occurs immediately or shortly after laser exposure, indicative of reperfusion due to inadequate blood vessel injury, the PWS can be retreated using higher light dosages. Retreatment is continued until the measured Doppler shift is zero due to a permanent reduction in blood flow, indicative of irreversible microthrombus formation in the PWS vessels. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that ODT may be used for noninvasive imaging of blood vessels in PWS skin. Moreover, ODT will potentially allow laser therapy to be optimized on an individual patient basis by providing a fast, semiquantitative evaluation of the efficacy of PWS laser therapy in situ and in real time.

Basically, the ancient Olympic Games synchronized with the birth of the Greek city-state system, development, prosperity and decline, and the Greek city-state system in which citizens have equal rights to the competitive nature of sports provides a fair political competition the environment. The difference is that, from the horizontal comparison, in Egypt, Babylon, China, India and other "four ancient civilizations," in neither appeared in the Greek-style democracy, have never had a "citizen", "equality" class of political ideas, its absolute monarchy to give the "hierarchy" or "caste system" is not conducive to fair competition on the objective of competitive sports and, therefore, can not be bred out of the Olympic movement. From the vertical perspective of the development, before the establishment of the Greek city-state system, as Crete, Mycenaean dynasty similar to the implementation of the Eastern authoritarian rule and hierarchy, which has not been bred out of the Olympic Movement; after the demise of the Greek city-state system, as the Roman Empire abandoned the Greek system of democracy, denial of the "citizen", "equality" of the class of political ideas, but also makes the continuation of the previous years of the Olympic movement halted, disappeared; to modern times, with the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the bourgeois democratic system established in the West, the concept of equality once again popular, finally making the Olympic movement re-Hwan life. That being said, the Olympic Movement is not only a sports event, and is the result of a political movement, with its "freedom" "equality" values ​​worthy of our consideration. The ancient Olympic Games developed, prospered and declined by accompanying with the development of the city-state system in Greek since the city-state system provided a fair competition political circumstance, in which all people were equal, for the Olympic games. On one hand, it is impossible for other ancient civilized countries, such as Egypt, Babylon, China and India to gestate the Olympic Games since the absolute monarchy and the hereditary system did harm to the fair competition. On the other hand, neither the Crete and Mycenaean dynasties before the Greek nor the Rome Empire after the Greek hold the Olympic Games since the city-state system had been abolished. After the Capitalism system had been set up in the West in modem period, the equality value had been accepted, the modem Olympic Games restarted. Therefore, the Olympic Games are not only a sports game but also a political movement with the idea of ​​liberty and equality.

A deep reinforcement learning-based computational guidance method is presented, which is used to identify and resolve the problem of collision avoidance for a variable number of fixed-wing UAVs in limited airspace. The cooperative guidance process is first analyzed for multiple aircraft by formulating flight scenarios using multiagent Markov game theory and solving it by machine learning algorithm. Furthermore, a self-learning framework is established by using the actor-critic model, which is proposed to train collision avoidance decision-making neural networks. To achieve higher scalability, the neural network is customized to incorporate long short-term memory networks, and a coordination strategy is given. Additionally, a simulator suitable for multiagent high-density route scene is designed for validation, in which all UAVs run the proposed algorithm onboard. Simulated experiment results from several case studies show that the real-time guidance algorithm can reduce the collision probability of multiple UAVs in flight effectively even with a large number of aircraft.

Knowledge graphs entity typing aims to predict the potential types to an entity, that is,. Recently, several embedding models are proposed for KG entity types prediction according to the existing typing information of the tuples in KGs. However, most of them unreasonably assume that all existing entity typing instances in KGs are completely correct, which ignore the nonnegligible entity type noises and may lead to potential errors for the downstream tasks. To address this problem, we propose ConfE, a novel confidence-aware embedding approach for modeling the tuples, which takes tuple confidence into consideration for learning better embeddings. Specifically, we learn the embeddings of entities and entity types in separate entity space and entity type space since they are different objects in KGs. We utilize an asymmetric matrix to specify the interaction of their embeddings and incorporate the tuple confidence as well. To make the tuple confidence more universal, we consider only the internal structural information in existing KGs. We evaluate our model on two tasks, including entity type noise detection and entity type prediction. The extensive experimental results in two public benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms all baselines on all tasks, which verify the effectiveness of ConfE in learning better embeddings on noisy KGs. The source code and data of this work can be obtained from https://github.com/swufenlp/ConfE.