X. Wang

One of the major divergences between dynamical systems theory and symbolism lies in their views on the role of representation in cognition. From the perspective of development, the cognitive development could be divided into three levels: sensorimotor, imagery representation and linguistic representation. It is claimed that representation is not a sufficient condition though it is necessary for cognition. However, it does not mean that the authors agree with the notion of strong coupling in dynamicism that completely rejects representation.

A series of features of the contemporary globalization of human society, especially its dual positive arid negative effects, shows that contemporary globalization has great significance for the survival and development of mankind as a whole. From the point of view of its deep axiological significance, globalization has resulted in the formation of common human interests that manifest themselves negatively as the emergence of various global problems. The formation of common human interests and the emergence of global problems in turn have objectively introduced a specific norm of value to contemporary global society. This norm of value requires people in the contemporary global society to take common human interests as their value orientation when dealing with the relationship between the human being and the world, if they are to solve various contemporary global problems and make possible the continued survival of mankind and the sustainable development of human society.

Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines, the antibiotics most intensively used in livestock and that are also widely applied in biomedical research, interrupt mitochondrial proteostasis and physiology in animals ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lines. Importantly, plant chloroplasts, like their mitochondria, are also under certain conditions vulnerable to these and other antibiotics that are leached into our environment. Together these endosymbiotic organelles are not only essential for cellular and organismal homeostasis stricto sensu, but also have an important role to play in the sustainability of our ecosystem as they maintain the delicate balance between autotrophs and heterotrophs, which fix and utilize energy, respectively. Therefore, stricter policies on antibiotic usage are absolutely required as their use in research confounds experimental outcomes, and their uncontrolled applications in medicine and agriculture pose a significant threat to a balanced ecosystem and the well‐being of these endosymbionts that are essential to sustain health.Also watch the Video Abstract.

N6‐methyladenine (6mA) is one of the most abundant types of DNA methylation, and plays an important role in bacteria; however, its roles in higher eukaryotes, such as plants, insects, and mammals, have been considered less important. Recent studies highlight that 6mA does indeed occur, and that it plays an important role in eukaryotes, such as worm, fly, and green algae, and thus the regulation of 6mA has emerged as a novel epigenetic mechanism in higher eukaryotes. Despite this intriguing development, a number of important issues regarding its biological roles are yet to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the 5mC and 6mA modifications in terms of their production, distribution, and the erasure of 6mA in higher eukaryotes including mammals. We perform an analysis of the potential functions of 6mA, hence widening understanding of this new epigenetic mark in higher eukaryotes, and suggesting future studies in this field.

"Kun Island Itsushi," a book, the image of women presented with Xiongfei for women on the one hand, be able to text and other male characteristics, on the one hand and women and traditional morality, this integration features dual image of women, in addition to the performance of the author Writing under the ideal male image of female expectations, but also reflects the legacy of the traditional patriarchal view. On the other hand, the book presents the two sexual relations, especially in marriage with two of the interaction, the authors emphasize Umazo saddle is noted for its clarity and Woo, women take the initiative, so humble husband respect his wife, revealing the authors' male-female relationships still looking for traditional thinking. In addition, the book's female protagonist does not appear a complete personality and character, the role of planar. For women without a complete description of the piece, the image of women showed a significant role as a male client, whether it is in order and morality, and sex are spun around her husband, not have their own place in the world. Women in this weightless, just a complete foil, the body is invisible. In "Kuen-Dao-I-She", the presentation of female image includes two aspects: one is that women possess the male qualities of masculinity and literacy, and at the meantime maintain the virtue that traditional women are supposed to embrace. This female image that combines a bi-sexual trait not only demonstrates the author's expectation of an ideal female image from a male writing's point of view, but also leaves a residue of traditional male viewpoint. On the other hand, the relation between the two sexes, especially the interaction of the two sexes and their marriages, was focused in a way that is equal to polygamy, yet husbands and wives live in perfect harmony, and women are very active in pursuing their happiness while husbands remain the more powerful one in marriage. These descriptions demonstrate the author's traditional ideas on man and woman relationships. In addition, the female leading character in this book does not show a complete personality and feature, the character itself is flat and stereotyped. The description of female is incomplete and fragmental, and the image of women is presented as an attachment to male, no matter how virtuous, talented and attractive they are. Their husbands are the center of their world, and they do not have a stage of their own. They are of little importance, nothing but a foil. Their bodies are invisible

Montaigne's Essays discuss the human condition and the way to live. His work represents an ideal of wisdom. Like Montaigne, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, representatives of Taoism, express similar concerns about the human condition. Both philosophies have a very similar concept of wisdom: ;Nature is treated as a quasi-divine entity that exists everywhere and controls everything, although it is invisible and inexpressible, and it represents at the same time diversity and unity; human reason is not an absolute means to truth due to the relativity of our knowledge; we should, therefore, reject dogmatism and accept tolerance; all excessive actions are harmful to human nature, and man should live in accord with the principle that moderation in everything is inseparable from human happiness; getting rid of unnecessary desires and passions and living in simplicity and solitude are the primary conditions of happiness; the realization of our internal self is the basis of the natural state of mind, which is also a state of spiritual harmony or interior liberty. ;The present study compares thematically Montaigne's wisdom to that of Taoism in a systematic format. It examines the concept of nature, the relativity of our knowledge, moderation, solitude, and self. The study adopts an analytical approach to these subjects through a close reading of Montaigne's text and those of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. ;In examining the parallels and resemblances between Montaigne's philosophy and Taoism, the study also points out their differences. Since Montaigne and Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu had different backgrounds and were from different centuries, some diversity of thought is inevitable. ;The study that aims at discovering West-East affinities on the concept of wisdom helps us to better understand the essence of Montaigne's philosophy and Taoism and the eternal questions they pose