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261The 50th Anniversary of the Declaration of Helsinki: Progress but Many Remaining ChallengesJournal of the American Medical Association 310 (20): 2143-44. 2013.Since 1964, through 7 revisions, the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki has stood as an important statement regarding the ethical principles guiding medical research with human participants. It is consulted by ethics review committees, funders, researchers, and research participants. It has been incorporated into national legislation and is routinely invoked to ascertain the ethical appropriateness of clinical trials. There is much to praise about the revision process and the la…Read more
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257Introduction: Case Studies in the Ethics of Mental Health ResearchJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease 200 230-35. 2012.This collection presents six case studies on the ethics of mental health research, written by scientific researchers and ethicists from around the world. We publish them here as a resource for teachers of research ethics and as a contribution to several ongoing ethical debates. Each consists of a description of a research study that was proposed or carried out and an in-depth analysis of the ethics of the study.
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255How Should the Benefits of Bioprospecting Be Shared?Hastings Center Report 40 (1): 24-33. 2010.The search for valuable new products from among the world’s stock of natural biological resources is mostly carried out by people from wealthy countries, and mostly takes place in developing countries that lack the research capacity to profit from it. Surely, the indigenous people should receive some compensation from it. But we must build a robust defense for this intuition, rooted in the Western moral traditions that are widely accepted in wealthy countries, if we are to put it into practice a…Read more
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247Return of Positive Test Results to Participants in Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence Studies: Research Ethics and ResponsibilitiesSexually Transmitted Diseases. 2021.Background: In prevalence studies of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), investigators often provide syndromic management for symptomatic participants, but may not provide specific treatment for asymptomatic individuals with positive laboratory test results due to the delays between sample collection and availability of results as well as logistical constraints in recontacting study participants. Methods: To characterize the extent of this issue, 80 prevalence studies from the World Health O…Read more
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224Should health research funding be proportional to the burden of disease?Politics, Philosophy and Economics 1 (1): 1-24. 2022.Public funders of health research have been widely criticized on the grounds that their allocations of funding for disease-specific research do not reflect the relative burdens imposed by different diseases. For example, the US National Institutes of Health spends a much greater fraction of its budget on HIV/AIDS research and a much smaller fraction on migraine research than their relative contribution to the US burden of disease would suggest. Implicit in this criticism is a normative claim: In…Read more
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71Global Health Priority-Setting: Beyond Cost-Effectiveness (edited book)Oxford University Press. 2019.Global health is at a crossroads. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has come with ambitious targets for health and health services worldwide. To reach these targets, many more billions of dollars need to be spent on health. However, development assistance for health has plateaued and domestic funding on health in most countries is growing at rates too low to close the financing gap. National and international decision-makers face tough choices about how scarce health care resources s…Read more
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70Why Adopt a Maximin Theory of Exploitation?American Journal of Bioethics 10 (6): 38-39. 2010.Angela Ballantyne (2010) argues that international research is exploitative when the transactions between researchers and participants who lack basic goods do not provide participants with the maxi...
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68Review of Michael W. Austin, Conceptions of Parenthood: Ethics and the Family (review)Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2008 (4). 2008.
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36Scope of ConsentPhilosophical Quarterly 73 (1): 290-292. 2022.Suppose you come to my house and I invite you in. ‘I’m just heading out’, I say, ‘but make yourself at home’. I have consented to you remaining in my house, but what else? In your home, you put your feet up on the coffee table, so may you now do that in mine? If I complain that you’ve left crumbs from eating biscuits in my bed, can you defend yourself on the grounds that I told you to make yourself at home? These questions concern the scope of my consent. How we should ascertain the scope of som…Read more
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32The Moral Foundations of ParenthoodOxford University Press. 2017.In this book, Joseph Millum explains how parental rights and responsibilities are acquired, what they consist in, and how parents should go about making decisions on behalf of their children. In doing so, he provides a set of frameworks to help solve pressing ethical dilemmas relating to parents and children.
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32A Theory of BioethicsCambridge University Press. 2021.This volume offers a carefully argued, compelling theory of bioethics while eliciting practical implications for a wide array of issues including medical assistance-in-dying, the right to health care, abortion, animal research, and the definition of death. The authors' dual-value theory features mid-level principles, a distinctive model of moral status, a subjective account of well-being, and a cosmopolitan view of global justice. In addition to ethical theory, the book investigates the nature o…Read more
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28Disclosure and Consent to Medical Research ParticipationJournal of Moral Philosophy 12 (2): 195-219. 2015.Most regulations and guidelines require that potential research participants be told a great deal of information during the consent process. Many of these documents, and most of the scholars who consider the consent process, assume that all this information must be disclosed because it must all be understood. However, a wide range of studies surveying apparently competent participants in clinical trials around the world show that many do not understand key aspects of what they have been told. Th…Read more
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27The limits of research institutions in setting research prioritiesJournal of Medical Ethics 43 (12): 810-811. 2017.In When Clinical Trials Compete: Prioritizing Study Recruitment, Gelinas et al tackle an important issue—study non-completion—and draw conclusions with which we largely agree. Most importantly, we accept that setting priorities among competing research studies is necessary and should be informed by ethical analysis. We disagree with the conclusion of Gelinas et al that this priority setting should take place at the level of the individual research institution. At a minimum, they should consider …Read more
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25Disease Prevalence and the Magnitude of Research BenefitsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 18 (4): 73-74. 2018.
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23The “Reasonable Subject Standard” as an Alternative to the “Best Interest Standard”American Journal of Bioethics 18 (8): 66-67. 2018.
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19Global Justice and Bioethics (edited book)Oxford University Press. 2012.This book presents a collection of original essays by leading thinkers in political theory, philosophy, and bioethics on key issues concerning global justice and bioethics. It is the first collection to comprehensively address these pressing theoretical and practical questions about international distributive justice, humans rights, health care and medical research.
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18Norvin Richards , The Ethics of Parenthood . Reviewed byPhilosophy in Review 32 (2): 130-132. 2012.
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12How not to count the health benefits of family planningJournal of Medical Ethics 49 (1): 41-44. 2022.Several influential organisations have attempted to quantify the costs and benefits of expanding access to interventions—like contraceptives—that are expected to decrease the number of pregnancies. Such health economic evaluations can be invaluable to those making decisions about how to allocate scarce resources for health. Yet how the benefits should be measured depends on controversial value judgments. One such value judgment is found in recent analyses from the Disease Control Priority Networ…Read more
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9Disclosure and Consent to Medical Research ParticipationJournal of Moral Philosophy 11 (4). 2014.Most regulations and guidelines require that potential research participants be told a great deal of information during the consent process. Many of these documents, and most of the scholars who consider the consent process, assume that all this information must be disclosed because it must all be understood. However, a wide range of studies surveying apparently competent participants in clinical trials around the world show that many do not understand key aspects of what they have been told. Th…Read more
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William F. Harms, Information and Meaning in Evolutionary ProcessesPhilosophy in Review 26 (3): 185. 2006.
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Ethical and Human Rights Concerns in Global HealthIn R. Skolnik (ed.), Global Health 101 2ed., Jones & Bartlett. pp. 71-86. 2012.
Areas of Specialization
Applied Ethics |
Normative Ethics |
Social and Political Philosophy |
Biomedical Ethics |
Political Ethics |