Alfredo Culleton

Neste artigo se pretende evidenciar como a escravidão, desde já compreendida como um problema, será enfrentada a partir de uma teoria jurídica e moral da restituição nos seus fundamentos filosóficos. O conceito de restituição, provavelmente um dos conceitos da filosofia prática mais importante e duradouro da segunda escolástica, apresenta-se como amostra de uma composição de argumentos nas interfaces entre ética, economia e direito que marcaram as teorias políticas do período barroco. Aqui se verá a maneira peculiar com que o jurista e teólogo, ouvidor e bispo de Michoacán, México, Vasco de Quiroga (1470-1565), trata a escravidão e a restituição no seu Información en Derecho (1535). Palavras-Chave: Restituição, escravidão, indígenas, Vasco de Quiroga.

This volume offers a significant overview of authors, works and characteristics of philosophy in Latin America in the 16th - 18th centuries, i.e. essentially "colonial scholasticism": this is actually a remarkable chapter in the history of Baroque or Modern scholasticism. This volume is a collection of studies on Latin American scholasticism originally presented at the Fourth International Conference of Medieval Philosophy at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, November 12-14, 2012. These essays provide a significant overview of authors, works and areas of interest associated to scholastic thought in the 16th-18th centuries, focusing particularly on Latin American or European-born authors whose philosophical and theological careers were significantly set in Latin American soil and, due to their education, reveal a profound acquaintance with European philosophical theories and problems. The reception and development of Medieval thought in Baroque scholasticism, the connections between European philosophy, mainly Iberian scholasticism, and philosophical-theological debates in the New World, and the revisiting by Latin American scholars of Medieval schools of thought and theoretical patterns taught in Europe, prompted by the encounter with several peoples living in the new continent and the search and justification for models of colonization, are some of the relevant issues discussed in here. The studies collected in this volume place colonial scholasticism in the history of ideas by letting authors and their writings speak for themselves.

A filosofia na primeira universidade da América Latina (Universidad de San Marcos 1551) Resumo: O artigo se propõe trazer a público um momento fundante da história da Filosofia nas Américas a partir do estudo da historia das Universidades e em especial a decana Universidad de San Marcos (1551), a sua fundação, funcionamento e legado. Neste contexto pretende igualmente apresentar dois notáveis intelectuais nativos que respiram o ar dessa universidade nas primeiras décadas: Jerónimo Valera e Juan de Espinosa Medrano. Palavras-chave: Escolástica Ibero-americana; São Marcos; Universidades; Filosofia latinoamericana. Philosophy at Latin America's First University (Universidad de San Marcos 1551) Abstract: The article aims to bring to the public a foundational moment in the history of Philosophy in the Americas, based on the study of the history of Universities and, in particular, the dean Universidad de San Marcos (1551), its foundation, functioning and legacy. In this context, it also intends to present two notable native intellectuals who lived the atmosphere of that university in those first decades: Jerónimo Valera and Juan de Espinosa Medrano. Key words: Ibero-American Scholasticism; San Marcos; Universities; Latin American philosophy. Filosofía en la Primera Universidad de América Latina (Universidad de San Marcos 1551) Resumen: El artículo se propone acercar al público un momento fundacional de la historia de la Filosofía en América a partir del estudio de la historia de las Universidades y en particular de la decana Universidad de San Marcos (1551), su fundación, funcionamiento y legado. En ese contexto, también pretende presentar a dos destacados intelectuales nativos que respiran el aire de esa universidad en las primeras décadas: Jerónimo Valera y Juan de Espinosa Medrano. Palabras clave: escolástica iberoamericana; San Marcos; universidades; filosofía latinoamericana. Data de registro: 16/09/2021 Data de aceite: 20/12/2021.

This article aims to present the guiding ideas of some medieval theologians, among many, who have been urged to work on a theme so delicate and necessary for human life in society and salvation as Economy. It will be seen that the issues of political economy in this period of the history of philosophy were discussed within the framework of moral theology. In order to be more objective since it is an article, we will restrict this research to the question of just price and value. In this article we try to demonstrate how the discussion among the question of value and fair price were present in the literature of the medieval philosophical tradition and prepare the way for a whole generation of intellectuals who, from the School of Salamanca, will carry on a fair price theory of Aristotelian matrix of major relevance in the history of economical ideas.

The issue of Restitution as a duty of justice and as imperative of reason is recurrent and very differently treated by most of the Ibero-American Scholastic authors. In this article we address the peculiar perspective that the Dominican Tomás de Mercado gives to the subject in his Suma de Tratos y Contratos published in 1571. In this work, one of the first in the gender, Mercado emphasizing the obligatory aspect of Restitution as a moral virtue, and places doubt in favor of an eventual injured. He’ll defend the Restitution as an imperative of justice that binds in consciousness and which cannot be dispensed by any power since it is a mandate of the natural law.

A problemática da lei natural e do direito natural, no sentido dum imperativo que não esteja fundado numa autoridade ou lei positiva, tem tido um crescente interesse da parte de pesquisadores especialmente nas áreas do direito, filosofia do direito, direitos humanos, bioética, filosofia prática e história da filosofia. Neste artigo oferecemos a original con-tribuição que Duns Scotus traz para a discussão acerca da lei natural desenvolvida por ele no Ordinatio aplicada ao âmbito da moral, através da análise dos mandamentos, e da política através do estudo dos conceitos de dominium e ius naturae.