•  4
    Prolegomena in Plato
    Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 10 (2): 173-213. 2023.
    The article demonstrates unity in Plato’s thought to a degree not heretofore realized and suggests analytical links to developments in logic, metaphysics and epistemology millennia later, substantiating Whitehead's famous comment that ‘the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.’
  •  14
    Is JTB Knowledge Hopeless?
    Logos and Episteme 14 (3): 261-270. 2023.
    An argument structure that covers both cases Gettier described in his 1963 paper reinforces the conclusion of my 2012 Logos & Episteme article that the justified true belief (JTB) conception of knowledge is inconsistent. The stronger argument makes possible identification of fundamental flaws in the standard approach of adding a fourth condition to JTB, so that a new kind of skepticism becomes inevitable unless conceptual change occurs.
  •  40
    Baudelaire’s Critique of Sculpture
    Journal of Aesthetic Education 49 (3): 96-124. 2015.
    Am şlefuit materia pentru a afla linia continuă.Und das Problem ensteht: was is das, was übrigbleibt, wenn ich von der Tatsache, daß ich meinen Arm hebe, die abziehe, daß mein Arm sich hebt?Acknowledged to have launched modern poetry with Les Fleurs du mal, Charles Baudelaire was also a prolific and influential art critic, a close friend of Edouard Manet, and an early champion of Eugène Delacroix. At one time decidedly not a friend of sculpture, Baudelaire published a critique of this art form i…Read more
  •  208
    The Prometheus Challenge
    Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 4 (1): 17-47. 2017.
    Degas, Manet, Picasso, Dali and Lipchitz produced works of art exemplifying a seeming impossibility: Not only combining incompatible attributes but doing so consistently with aesthetic strictures Horace formulated in Ars Poetica. The article explains how these artists were able to do this, achieving what some critics have called ‘a new art,’ ‘a miracle,’ and ‘a new metaphor.’ The article also argues that the author achieved the same result in sculpture by means of philosophical analysis – probab…Read more
  •  349
    The Prometheus Challenge Redux
    Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 4 (2): 175-209. 2017.
    Following up on its predecessor in this Journal, the article defends philosophy as a guide to making and analyzing art; identifies Cubist solutions to the Prometheus Challenge, including a novel analysis of Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon; defines a new concept of aesthetic attitude; proves the compatibility of Prometheus Challenge artworks with logic; and explains why Plato would have welcomed such artworks in his ideal state.
  •  5
    Turing Algorithms in Art
    Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 10 (1): 31-80. 2023.
    Exemplifying with sculptures the author created, the article shows that ontological algorithms can yield aesthetic content, while epistemological algorithms can capture it. Bridging the gap between art and logic creates new and exciting aesthetic opportunities, allaying Henry Moore’s fears of ‘paralysis by analysis.’ On the flip side, appreciating all that algorithmic art has to offer poses intellectual challenges that run counter to subjectivist approaches to art and its education.
  •  18
    The Private Language Argument: Another Footnote to Plato?
    Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 9 (2): 191-222. 2022.
    A valid and arguably sound private language argument is built using premises based on Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations augmented by familiar analytic distinctions and concepts of logic. The private language problem and the solution presented here can be plausibly traced to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. Both literatures missed the connection.
  •  4
    The Cogito Paradox
    Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 8 (1): 7-43. 2021.
    The Cogito formulation in Discourse on Method attributes properties to one conceptual category that belong to another. Correcting the error ends up defeating Descartes’ response to skepticism. His own creation, the Evil Genius, is to blame.
  •  23
    The Cogito Paradox
    Symposion. Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences. forthcoming.
    Arnold Cusmariu ABSTRACT: The Cogito formulation in Discourse on Method attributes properties to one conceptual category that belong to another. Correcting the error ends up defeating Descartes’ response to skepticism. His own creation, the Evil Genius, is to blame. Download PDF.
  •  9
    The Prometheus Challenge Redux
    Symposion. Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences. forthcoming.
    Arnold Cusmariu ABSTRACT: Following up on its predecessor in this Journal, the article defends philosophy as a guide to making and analyzing art; identifies Cubist solutions to the Prometheus Challenge, including a novel analysis of Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon; defines a new concept of aesthetic attitude; proves the compatibility of Prometheus Challenge artworks with logic;...
  •  12
    The Prometheus Challenge
    Symposion. Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences. forthcoming.
    Arnold Cusmariu ABSTRACT: Degas, Manet, Picasso, Dali and Lipchitz produced works of art exemplifying a seeming impossibility: Not only combining incompatible attributes but doing so consistently with aesthetic strictures Horace formulated in Ars Poetica. The article explains how these artists were able to do this, achieving what some critics have called ‘a new art,’ ‘a...
  •  86
    Translation and belief
    with Alonso Church
    Analysis 42 (1): 12-16. 1982.
    I present a formally explicit statement of Church's celebrated argument against Carnap's analysis of belief and defend it against well-known objections by W.V.O. Quine, R.M. Martin, and Michael Dummett.
  •  16
    Self-Predication and the " Third Man"
    Grazer Philosophische Studien 23 (1): 105-118. 1985.
    Considerable effort has gone into clarifying the structure and the content of the Third Man Argument. Nevertheless, the argument is still an enthymeme. A premise crucial to it has yet to be stated openly. This premise holds the way out of the predicament which, happily, enables Plato to retain intact the foundations of the Theory of Forms. The solution proposed allows us in addition to look beyond the TMA and place this ancient argument in the context of an important modern insight.
  • Tackling the question whether beauty is a property as if the problem of universals could safely be ignored leads to confusions exemplified in Scruton 2009, McMahon 2007, Zangwill 2001 and Scarry 1999, among recent writers. I frame the question in the proper context with a measure of precision, clear away misunderstandings, present a logically valid argument for an affirmative answer, list three relevant and four irrelevant ways of countering the argument, and show that well-known views of Hume a…Read more
  • About Belief De Re
    Logique Et Analyse 77 (3): 138-147. 1977.
    I give the following analysis of de re belief: S believes with respect to X that it has the property F =df S believes a proposition which is for S extensionally to the effect that it has the property F. I spell this definition out and defend it against objections by M. Pastin, commenting also on his account of de re belief.
  •  1695
    Toward an Epistemology of Art
    Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 3 (1): 37-64. 2016.
    An epistemology of art has seemed problematic mainly because of arguments claiming that an essential element of a theory of knowledge, truth, has no place in aesthetic contexts. For, if it is objectively true that something is beautiful, it seems to follow that the predicate “is beautiful” expresses a property – a view asserted by Plato but denied by Hume and Kant. But then, if the belief that something is beautiful is not objectively true, we cannot be said to know that something is beautiful a…Read more
  •  57
    Russell's paradox re-examined
    Erkenntnis 14 (3): 365-370. 1979.
    I attempt to rescue Frege's naive conception of a set according to which there is a set for every property by redefining the technical concept of degree of an open sentence. Instead of making degree a function of the number of free variables, I make it a function of free variable occurrences. What Russell proved, then, is that there is not a relation-in-extension for every relation-in-intension. In a brief paper it is not possible to discuss how redefining the function-argument correlation af…Read more
  •  291
    About Property Identity
    Auslegung 5 (3): 139-146. 1978.
    W.V.O. Quine has famously objected that (1) properties are philosophically suspect because (2) there is no entity without identity and (3) the synonymy criterion for property identity won't do because there's no such concept as synonymy. (2) and (3) may or may not be right but do not prove (1). I reply that Leiniz's Law handles property identity, as it does for everything else, then respond to a variety of objections and confusions.
  •  19
    Subsistence Demystified
    Auslegung 6 (1): 24-27. 1978.
    In "The Problems of Philosophy," Russell held that universals not exist, rather, they subsist. In the same work, he stated that universals are nevertheless "something," without intending to suggest that quantification over universals would require a special quantifier. I show these apparently conflicting statements can be reconciled with a simple definition of "subsists.".
  •  49
    Nonexistence without nonexistents
    Philosophical Studies 33 (4): 409-412. 1978.
    Platonism considers existence as well as nonexistence as genuine properties. Kant and others have denied the former and the latter seems absurd. I reply that critics have forgotten that Platonism means accepting properties that are neither exemplified (like being a unicorn) nor exemplifiable (like nonexistence). I also present a Platonist analysis of negative existentials without appealing to nonexistence.
  • About belief de re
    Logique Et Analyse 20 (77): 138. 1977.
  • The Structure of an Aesthetic Revolution
    Journal of Visual Arts Practice 8 (3): 163-179. 2009.
    Brought about through philosophical analysis – a first in the history of art – paradigm shifts in the ontology and epistemology of sculpture are described, motivated, and exemplified with pieces they inspired. Navigating the new aesthetic environment requires an ‘escape from Plato's Cave’ by means of a kind of phenomenological reduction. The new conceptual foundation allows artists unprecedented levels of freedom to explore and innovate, connects sculpture to music, and has the potential to enha…Read more
  •  22
    Self-Relations
    Southern Journal of Philosophy 16 (4): 321-327. 1978.
    According to Platonism, "Socrates is wise" expresses the exemplification by Socrates of the property of being wise; while "Simmias is taller than Socrates" expresses the exemplification by <Simmias, Socrates> of the relation of being taller than. What about "Socrates is as tall as Socrates"? Is this property or relation exemplification? I show there is an answer that solves Russell's Paradox, Plato's "Third Man" argument, and the Greeling-Nelson paradox of non-self-applying terms.
  • A Platonist Theory of Properties
    Dissertation, Brown University. 1977.
  •  313
    Semantic Epistemology Redux: Proof and Validity in Quantum Mechanics
    Logos and Episteme 7 (3): 287-303. 2016.
    Definitions I presented in a previous article as part of a semantic approach in epistemology assumed that the concept of derivability from standard logic held across all mathematical and scientific disciplines. The present article argues that this assumption is not true for quantum mechanics (QM) by showing that concepts of validity applicable to proofs in mathematics and in classical mechanics are inapplicable to proofs in QM. Because semantic epistemology must include this important theory, re…Read more
  •  43
    On an aristotelian theory of universals
    Australasian Journal of Philosophy 57 (1). 1979.
    A theory purporting to solve the problem of universals must be able to explain predication, recurrence, and classification. How Platonism does this is well known. Here I take a hard look at an attempt by M.J. Cresswell to give an Aristotelian answer and show it to be a complete and utter failure. The answer does not eliminate commitment to universals and it is only half an answer anyway because it does not cover relational predicates, an omission that Russell noted dooms answers by other phil…Read more
  •  52
    A definition of impure memory
    Philosophical Studies 38 (3): 305-308. 1980.
    Norman Malcolm has maintained that impure memory is a de dicto mixture of factual memory and later knowledge or inference. E. Stiffler objects that impure memory must be given a de re analysis because later knowledge must be applied to earlier memory to yield impure memory. I show that the conditions of Stiffler's de re analysis are neither necessary nor sufficient and that Malcolm can easily give a de dicto solution to the application problem.
  •  55
    Self-Predication and the "Third Man"
    Grazer Philosophische Studien 23 (1): 105-118. 1985.
    Generations of scholars have worked to clarify the structure and content of the TMA, one of the most famous arguments in the history of philosophy. Though progress has been made, I show that a premise crucial to the argument has yet to be stated openly. This premise holds the way out of the predicament that enables Plato to retain intact the foundations of the Theory of Forms.
  • Logical reasoning is explained in ways young children can understand and apply. Concepts of a difficult and complex subject are made interesting, fun and easy to grasp thanks to a playful and friendly approach free of jargon.
  •  41
    Toward a Semantic Approach in Epistemology
    Logos and Episteme (4): 531-543. 2012.
    Philosophers have recognized for some time the usefulness of semantic conceptions of truth and belief. That the third member of the knowledge triad, evidence, might also have a useful semantic version seems to have been overlooked. This paper corrects that omission by defining a semantic conception of evidence for science and mathematics and then developing a semantic conception of knowledge for these fields, arguably mankind’s most important knowledge repository. The goal is to demonstrate the …Read more