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30Do Surgical Trials Meet the Scientific Standards for Clinical TrialsJournal of the American College of Surgeons 215 (5): 722-730. 2012.
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23Intellectual property and biotechnology: the European debateKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (2): 69. 2007.The European patent system allows for the introduction of moral issues into decisions about the granting of patents. This feature has
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130Is Futility a Futile Concept?Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 20 (2): 123-144. 1995.This paper distinguishes four major types of futility (physiological, imminent demise, lethal condition, and qualitative) that have been advocated in the literature either in a patient dependent or a patient independent fashion. It proposes five criteria (precision, prospective, social acceptability, significant number, and non-agreement) that any definition of futility must satisfy if it is to serve as the basis for unilaterally limiting futile care. It then argues that none of the definitions …Read more
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60Methodological and Conceptual Issues in Health Care System Comparisons: Canada, Norway, and the United StatesJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 18 (5): 437-463. 1993.There is a growing interest in comparison of international health care data with the hope that such studies will enable individual systems to learn from other systems. Such comparisons, however, presuppose that there exist common criteria for evaluating health care systems. The main thesis of this paper is that these comparative studies are misleading because they employ inappropriate operationalizations of these criteria because the operarionalizations are based upon mistaken global conceptuali…Read more
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66Reid and Hamilton on PerceptionThe Monist 55 (3): 423-441. 1971.Until a few years ago, the works of Thomas Reid were known only by specialists in the history of philosophy, and, insofar as people did think at all about Reid and his school of common sense philosophy, it was generally thought that Kant had been right in dismissing them as naive thinkers who did not really understand what philosophical skepticism was all about. This attitude about Reid changed very rapidly in recent years. More and more people now realize that Reid was one of the most important…Read more
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24The role of philosophy in public policy and bioethics: introductionJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (4): 345-346. 1990.
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15Bioethics: Readings & CasesPrentice-Hall. 1987.This book is the first systematic integrated analysis of ethical issues in health care which combines an introduction to moral theory, a set of readings in health care ethics, and an extensive set of case studies.
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36Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Medical EthicsSpringer. 1988.The first book to be devoted to the logic behind the application of ethical theories, this collection of essays explores the question of how many different moral traditions (utilitarianism, natural rights theory, Marxism, Christian moral theology, and Kantianism among others) view the relation between theory and concrete judgments. By considering many applications of moral theory in medical ethics the authors illustrate their point.
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25Three. ImplicationsIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 43-70. 1981.
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RSPCA. Jonathan Balcombe has been Associate Director for Education in the Animal Research Issues section of the Humane Society of the United States since 1993. He has degrees from York University and Carleton University, Toronto, and a doctoral degree in ethology from the University of Tennessee (review)In Susan Jean Armstrong & Richard George Botzler (eds.), The animal ethics reader, Routledge. 2008.
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6Limiting Life-Prolonging MedicalIn Ruth Ellen Bulger, Elizabeth Meyer Bobby & Harvey V. Fineberg (eds.), Society's choices: social and ethical decision making in biomedicine, National Academy Press. pp. 307. 1995.
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158Intellectual property and biotechnology: The european debateKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (2): 69-110. 2007.: The European patent system allows for the introduction of moral issues into decisions about the granting of patents. This feature has greatly impacted European debates about the patenting of biotechnology. This essay explores the European experience, in both the European Union and the European Patent Organization. It argues that there has been great confusion surrounding these issues primarily because the Europeans have not developed a general theory about when exclusion from patentability is …Read more
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53Should All Research Subjects Be Treated the Same?Hastings Center Report 45 (1): 17-20. 2015.One of the founding principles of research ethics is that subjects should be treated equally. In the words of the Belmont Report, “equals ought to be treated equally.” This principle does not imply that all subjects should be treated exactly the same. Rather, subjects who are similar in relevant respects should receive similar treatment. Clinical status is clearly relevant to determining how subjects should be treated. Greater resources should be devoted to subjects who have worse diseases. In c…Read more
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63Readings in the philosophy of religionPrentice-Hall. 1974.This anthology brings together 59 classic and contemporary readings on the philosophy of religion which stress, in particular, the analytical viewpoint.
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80Morality, Mortality: Death and Whom to Save from ItHastings Center Report 25 (1): 48. 1995.Book reviewed in this article: Morality, Mortality: Death and Whom to Save from It. By Frances Kamm.
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Conflicts of interests and the validity of clinical trialsIn Roy G. Spece, David S. Shimm & Allen E. Buchanan (eds.), Conflicts of interest in clinical practice and research, Oxford University Press. pp. 407--417. 1996.
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112An impersonal theory of personal identityPhilosophical Studies 26 (5-6). 1974.In this paper, I defend the view that the identity of indiscernibles could serve as an adequate basis for a general theory of identity. I then show how a theory of essentialism forces one to modify that general theory. In light of both the original and modified theory, I offer a new resolution of some of the classical and contemporary problems of personal identity
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23Medical futility: Philosophical reflections on deathJapanese and Western Bioethics. forthcoming.
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92Research Ethics: International PerspectivesCambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6 (4): 376. 1997.In recent years, bioethics has increasingly become an international area of inquiry with major contributions being made not only in North America but also in Europe and in the Pacific Rim countries. This general observation is particularly true for research ethics. Little attention has been paid, however, to this internationalization of bioethics in general and research ethics in particular, and there are few studies comparing what has emerged in the different countries
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