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Baruch Brody
(1943 - 2018)

PhD: Princeton UniversityLast affiliation: Rice University
  •  Home
  •  Publications
    105
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    105

 More details
  • Rice University
    Department of Philosophy
    Unknown
Princeton University
Department of Philosophy
PhD, 1967
Houston, Texas, United States of America
Areas of Interest
Philosophy of Religion
Applied Ethics
Normative Ethics
Philosophy of Law
Social and Political Philosophy
  • All publications (105)
  •  30
    Do Surgical Trials Meet the Scientific Standards for Clinical Trials
    with Danielle M. Wenner, Anna Jarman, Jacob M. Kolman, Nelda Wray, and Carol Ashton
    Journal of the American College of Surgeons 215 (5): 722-730. 2012.
  •  23
    Intellectual property and biotechnology: the European debate
    Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (2): 69. 2007.
    The European patent system allows for the introduction of moral issues into decisions about the granting of patents. This feature has
    Biomedical Ethics
  •  130
    Is Futility a Futile Concept?
    with A. Halevy
    Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 20 (2): 123-144. 1995.
    This paper distinguishes four major types of futility (physiological, imminent demise, lethal condition, and qualitative) that have been advocated in the literature either in a patient dependent or a patient independent fashion. It proposes five criteria (precision, prospective, social acceptability, significant number, and non-agreement) that any definition of futility must satisfy if it is to serve as the basis for unilaterally limiting futile care. It then argues that none of the definitions …Read more
    This paper distinguishes four major types of futility (physiological, imminent demise, lethal condition, and qualitative) that have been advocated in the literature either in a patient dependent or a patient independent fashion. It proposes five criteria (precision, prospective, social acceptability, significant number, and non-agreement) that any definition of futility must satisfy if it is to serve as the basis for unilaterally limiting futile care. It then argues that none of the definitions that have been advocated meet the criteria, primarily because their proponents have not paid sufficient attention to the problematic nature of the data supporting the use of their definitions
    Biomedical EthicsVegetative State and Coma
  •  84
    Response to Poullier
    with R. K. Lie
    Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 18 (5): 475-476. 1993.
    Biomedical Ethics
  •  60
    Methodological and Conceptual Issues in Health Care System Comparisons: Canada, Norway, and the United States
    with R. K. Lie
    Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 18 (5): 437-463. 1993.
    There is a growing interest in comparison of international health care data with the hope that such studies will enable individual systems to learn from other systems. Such comparisons, however, presuppose that there exist common criteria for evaluating health care systems. The main thesis of this paper is that these comparative studies are misleading because they employ inappropriate operationalizations of these criteria because the operarionalizations are based upon mistaken global conceptuali…Read more
    There is a growing interest in comparison of international health care data with the hope that such studies will enable individual systems to learn from other systems. Such comparisons, however, presuppose that there exist common criteria for evaluating health care systems. The main thesis of this paper is that these comparative studies are misleading because they employ inappropriate operationalizations of these criteria because the operarionalizations are based upon mistaken global conceptualizations of the criteria in question. The essay provides a methodological critique of what has been done and sets a new agenda for future research
    Biomedical EthicsGovernment EthicsMedical Ethics
  •  120
    Abortion and the Sanctity of Human Life
    American Philosophical Quarterly 10 (2). 1973.
    Reproductive Ethics
  •  66
    Reid and Hamilton on Perception
    The Monist 55 (3): 423-441. 1971.
    Until a few years ago, the works of Thomas Reid were known only by specialists in the history of philosophy, and, insofar as people did think at all about Reid and his school of common sense philosophy, it was generally thought that Kant had been right in dismissing them as naive thinkers who did not really understand what philosophical skepticism was all about. This attitude about Reid changed very rapidly in recent years. More and more people now realize that Reid was one of the most important…Read more
    Until a few years ago, the works of Thomas Reid were known only by specialists in the history of philosophy, and, insofar as people did think at all about Reid and his school of common sense philosophy, it was generally thought that Kant had been right in dismissing them as naive thinkers who did not really understand what philosophical skepticism was all about. This attitude about Reid changed very rapidly in recent years. More and more people now realize that Reid was one of the most important British philosophers, and that his works are full of deep insights that have only recently been rediscovered.
    Thomas Reid
  •  50
    Sommers on predicability
    Philosophical Studies 23 (1-2). 1972.
    Objects and Properties, Misc
  •  82
    On the ontological priority of physical objects
    Noûs 5 (2): 139-155. 1971.
    Material Objects, Misc
  •  163
    Natural kinds and real essences
    Journal of Philosophy 64 (14): 431-446. 1967.
    Natural KindsEssence and Essentialism, Misc
  •  95
    Confirmation and explanation
    Journal of Philosophy 65 (10): 282-299. 1968.
    Bayesian Reasoning, Misc
  •  140
    Abortion and the law
    Journal of Philosophy 68 (12): 357-369. 1971.
    Abortion
  •  24
    The role of philosophy in public policy and bioethics: introduction
    Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (4): 345-346. 1990.
    Biomedical EthicsReproductive Ethics
  •  15
    Bioethics: Readings & Cases
    with Hugo Tristram Engelhardt
    Prentice-Hall. 1987.
    This book is the first systematic integrated analysis of ethical issues in health care which combines an introduction to moral theory, a set of readings in health care ethics, and an extensive set of case studies.
    Ethics
  •  36
    Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Medical Ethics
    Springer. 1988.
    The first book to be devoted to the logic behind the application of ethical theories, this collection of essays explores the question of how many different moral traditions (utilitarianism, natural rights theory, Marxism, Christian moral theology, and Kantianism among others) view the relation between theory and concrete judgments. By considering many applications of moral theory in medical ethics the authors illustrate their point.
    Medical Ethics
  •  25
    Three. Implications
    In Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 43-70. 1981.
  • RSPCA. Jonathan Balcombe has been Associate Director for Education in the Animal Research Issues section of the Humane Society of the United States since 1993. He has degrees from York University and Carleton University, Toronto, and a doctoral degree in ethology from the University of Tennessee (review)
    with Marc Bekoffis, Bob Bermond, Lynda Birke, Bernice Bovenkerk, and Jeffrey Burkhardt
    In Susan Jean Armstrong & Richard George Botzler (eds.), The animal ethics reader, Routledge. 2008.
  •  6
    Limiting Life-Prolonging Medical
    In Ruth Ellen Bulger, Elizabeth Meyer Bobby & Harvey V. Fineberg (eds.), Society's choices: social and ethical decision making in biomedicine, National Academy Press. pp. 307. 1995.
    Medical Ethics
  •  158
    Intellectual property and biotechnology: The european debate
    Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (2): 69-110. 2007.
    : The European patent system allows for the introduction of moral issues into decisions about the granting of patents. This feature has greatly impacted European debates about the patenting of biotechnology. This essay explores the European experience, in both the European Union and the European Patent Organization. It argues that there has been great confusion surrounding these issues primarily because the Europeans have not developed a general theory about when exclusion from patentability is …Read more
    : The European patent system allows for the introduction of moral issues into decisions about the granting of patents. This feature has greatly impacted European debates about the patenting of biotechnology. This essay explores the European experience, in both the European Union and the European Patent Organization. It argues that there has been great confusion surrounding these issues primarily because the Europeans have not developed a general theory about when exclusion from patentability is the best social mechanism for dealing with morally offensive technologies
    Biomedical Ethics
  •  53
    Should All Research Subjects Be Treated the Same?
    with Stephen A. Migueles and David Wendler
    Hastings Center Report 45 (1): 17-20. 2015.
    One of the founding principles of research ethics is that subjects should be treated equally. In the words of the Belmont Report, “equals ought to be treated equally.” This principle does not imply that all subjects should be treated exactly the same. Rather, subjects who are similar in relevant respects should receive similar treatment. Clinical status is clearly relevant to determining how subjects should be treated. Greater resources should be devoted to subjects who have worse diseases. In c…Read more
    One of the founding principles of research ethics is that subjects should be treated equally. In the words of the Belmont Report, “equals ought to be treated equally.” This principle does not imply that all subjects should be treated exactly the same. Rather, subjects who are similar in relevant respects should receive similar treatment. Clinical status is clearly relevant to determining how subjects should be treated. Greater resources should be devoted to subjects who have worse diseases. In contrast, fame is irrelevant. Subjects should not receive greater resources simply because they are famous. A more challenging question, one that pervades clinical research yet has received almost no attention in the literature, is whether subjects' level of scientific importance is relevant to determining how much support they should receive.
    Biomedical Ethics
  •  30
    Logic: Theoretical and Applied
    Philosophical Review 84 (2): 285. 1975.
    Logic and Philosophy of Logic, MiscellaneousAreas of Mathematics, Misc
  •  35
    Hardwig on Proxy Decision Making
    Journal of Clinical Ethics 4 (1): 66-67. 1993.
    Applied Ethics, Miscellaneous
  •  63
    Readings in the philosophy of religion
    Prentice-Hall. 1974.
    This anthology brings together 59 classic and contemporary readings on the philosophy of religion which stress, in particular, the analytical viewpoint.
    Philosophy of ReligionPhilosophy of Religion, Miscellaneous
  •  80
    Morality, Mortality: Death and Whom to Save from It
    with Frances Kamm
    Hastings Center Report 25 (1): 48. 1995.
    Book reviewed in this article: Morality, Mortality: Death and Whom to Save from It. By Frances Kamm.
    Medical Ethics
  • Conflicts of interests and the validity of clinical trials
    In Roy G. Spece, David S. Shimm & Allen E. Buchanan (eds.), Conflicts of interest in clinical practice and research, Oxford University Press. pp. 407--417. 1996.
    Medical Ethics
  •  18
    Preface
    In Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. 1981.
    Bertrand Russell
  •  310
    Thomson on abortion
    Philosophy and Public Affairs 1 (3): 335-340. 1972.
    Abortion
  •  112
    An impersonal theory of personal identity
    Philosophical Studies 26 (5-6). 1974.
    In this paper, I defend the view that the identity of indiscernibles could serve as an adequate basis for a general theory of identity. I then show how a theory of essentialism forces one to modify that general theory. In light of both the original and modified theory, I offer a new resolution of some of the classical and contemporary problems of personal identity
    Personal Identity, Misc
  •  23
    Medical futility: Philosophical reflections on death
    Japanese and Western Bioethics. forthcoming.
    Ethics
  •  92
    Research Ethics: International Perspectives
    Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6 (4): 376. 1997.
    In recent years, bioethics has increasingly become an international area of inquiry with major contributions being made not only in North America but also in Europe and in the Pacific Rim countries. This general observation is particularly true for research ethics. Little attention has been paid, however, to this internationalization of bioethics in general and research ethics in particular, and there are few studies comparing what has emerged in the different countries
    Biomedical EthicsMedical Ethics
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