C. Marie

Recent research and conventional wisdom suggest that behavioral demonstrations of trust by supervisors toward their subordinates are most effective when those demonstrations match subordinates’ desires. In the present research, we offer a more nuanced view by identifying one downside of a match between supervisors’ expressions and subordinates’ desired trusting behaviors (i.e., trust congruence). Namely, this situation may inadvertently encourage subordinates to engage in unethical acts with the intention of benefiting their supervisor (i.e., unethical pro-supervisor behavior; UPSB). Drawing on social exchange theory and moral disengagement theory, we argue that trust congruence helps promote positive social exchange relationships between supervisors and subordinates. The desire to maintain or reinforce these relationships, in turn, leads subordinates to engage in UPSB indirectly via moral disengagement. We further argue that ethical leadership represents an important boundary condition regarding this process, as it guides subordinates’ social exchange responses and thus prevents them from engaging in behaviors that are not aligned with the ethical expectations of their supervisors. Our model is progressively supported by four main studies (an experiment and three time-lagged field studies) and two supplemental studies. This research improves our understanding of the ethical consequences of trust congruence and has practical implications for organizations seeking to support trust-building initiatives.

Des femmes philosophes ou écrivaines ont voulu aborder les questions auxquelles, en tant que femmes, elles sont confrontées et qui ouvrent à des problématiques parfois inédites. L’intime est regardé comme lieu de la rencontre avec l’altérité, comme le moment d’un exode de soi qui, en mettant au contact des autres, exige des réflexions éthiques et politiques. Female philosophers and writers have sought to tackle the questions that confront them as women, and that raise sometimes novel issues. Intimacy is seen here as a place of encounter with otherness, as the moment of an exodus from the self that, by bringing us into contact with others, calls for ethical and political reflection.

One of the fundamental questions raised by Ruchkin, Grafman, Cameron, and Berndt's (Ruchkin et al.'s) interpretation of no distinct specialized neural networks for short-term storage buffers and long-term memory systems, is that of the link between perception and memory processes. In this framework, we take the opportunity in this commentary to discuss a specific working memory task involving percept formation, temporary retention, auditory imagery, and the attention-based maintenance of information, that is, the verbal transformation effect.

The current situation amidst the pandemic has caused such negativities to people, especially among students. It has affected thewell-being and happiness that everyone experiences. In, on the other hand, students who were enrolled amidst the pandemic were more likely to experience mental exhaustion such as anxiety and depression, as this current situation limits and affect their academic performances and the level of happiness they feel. This study investigates the relationship between happiness and depression among senior high school students here in the Philippines. The findings revealed a significant correlation between happiness and depression (r=0.041).