Carlos Gutiérrez

Adaptive Optics (AO) is the field of Astrophysics that corrects the wavefronts of light coming from celestial sources to earth-based telescopes. One of the most common instruments in AO systems are Laser Guide Stars (LGS), laserbeams used to measure the shape of turbulences in the close neighbourhood of the scientific target. Even with its popularity, LGSs can introduce uncertainties in the measurements due to their limited height and width, producing effects such as anisoplanatism and cone effects. There have been different attempts for improving this tool, such as Pupil Plane Projected Pattern (PPPP) system, that have also introduced the use of Neural Networks for turbulence tomography. In this paper, we propose a new technique called Wavefronts Obtained from Measurements from Beam-profiles through Atmospheric Turbulence, which expands the capabilities of PPPP.

This article studies natural food packaging as enabling artifacts of the traditional material culture of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, we consider artifacts as objective nodes that combine design and use intentions, functions, materials, histories, artifactual lineages, and cooperative relationships that stabilize ritualized practices of a human group. We take the example of natural packaging as artifacts that enablers and stabilizers of traditional cooking and food preparation practices. Natural packaging materials are here assumed to be leaves having some favorable property to contain a food product. After providing a theoretical reflection, we analyze the data collected from fieldwork we conducted in two towns in Antioquia, Colombia (Santa Fe de Antioquia and Amagá), as well as from an interview with an expert in the field. Finally, we show that it is possible to postulate an analysis under a relational ontological description of a traditional practice with conceptual categories of the philosophy of technology.

Culture has traditionally been considered as a set of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, norms, and morals, acquired by a human being as a member of a group. Some anthropologists interpret this as a set of abstract representations, such as information or knowledge, while others interpret it as behavioral control mechanisms. These views assume that the contents of a particular culture must be processed by the minds of individuals, either in a direct way or by resorting to learned mental structures in processes of symbolic socialization. Some critics suggest a problem with these perspectives since they do not provide a convincing explanation of the enculturation process beyond metaphorical images of transfer or internalization of symbolic cultural contents through linguistic transmission. The new embodied theories of cognition, especially enactivism, could give new ideas about what enculturation processes are like, through the concept of participatory sense-making in material culture environments. In this essay, we discuss how an enactive vision of culture could be, and what advantages it would have, as well as the challenges and weaknesses in explaining the culture and its learning processes.

Adaptive optics play a crucial role in acquiring high-quality images in ground-based telescopes. The primary challenge lies in mitigating the impact of atmospheric turbulence on captured light, which induces aberrations in the wavefront, resulting in distorted images. Over the past decade, several studies have been carried out exploring the application of predictive models to this technology, aiming to increase the efficiency of the process, reduce costs as well as improve the response time of the system. In particular, neural networks have been proven to be a powerful tool toward this end. This study assesses the potential of novel training and data processing techniques, while also evaluating the influence of specific parameters such as input data length and system frequency. In this study, the ideal training parameters are first analyzed through several low-complexity models, followed by the integration of more sophisticated neural networks. The feasibility of predicting slopes from sensor images has been demonstrated, validating the use of image-based sensor data. These results also open the path for exploring multi-scale sensors, like pyramid sensors, which could further improve predictions by capturing data at different spatial resolutions.

In this research, we present two 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models that were trained, validated and tested using simulated light curves designed to mimic those expected from the Kepler Space Telescope during its extended mission (K2). We also tested them on real K2 data. Our light curve simulator considers different stellar variability phenomena, such as rotations, pulsations and flares, which along with the stellar noise expected for K2 data, hinders the transit signal detection, as in real data. The first model effectively identifies transit-like signals in light curves, classifying them based on the presence or absence of such signals. Furthermore, the second model not only phase-folds the light curves but also eliminates stellar noise, a crucial step when fitting transits to the Mandel and Agol theoretical transit shape. The obtained results include an accuracy of $\sim 99\%$ when classifying the light curves based on the presence or absence of transit-like signals, and $MAPE\sim 6\%$ regarding to the transits’ depth and duration when phase folding the light curves, showing the great capabilities of 1D-CNN for automatizing the transit search in light curves, both on simulated and real data.

This article examines whether memory, in the Colombian context, is strengthening transitional justice in its contribution to reconciliation. We took Colombia as a case study because the Final Peace Agreement signed in 2016 has become a global benchmark for the negotiated resolution of armed conflicts and a source of lessons learned. While in other transitional processes, memory has been a step, a complement, or a replacement for justice, in Colombia, memory is playing a fundamental role in the judicial sanction of the perpetrators. Consequently, an analysis of the Colombian case explores the potential and limits of memorial initiatives in peacebuilding, considering both the advances and obstacles present in the post-agreement scenario. Based on a set of interviews with experts and victims of the Colombian conflict, the article claims that memory can benefit peacebuilding and reconciliation if it is exemplary, polyphonic, and participative. Otherwise, it can reinforce social divisions and political contestation. Received: 10 March 2025 Accepted: 30 September 2025 Articles in Press: 11 November 2025.

“Those poems by Giordano Bruno are a gift for which I am grateful with all my heart.” In this way, Nietzsche expressed his enthusiasm for the writings of Giordano Bruno (1548–1600). It is not difficult to discern the reasons why those poems turned out to be so stimulating for Nietzsche since, long before the ideas of individualistic self-sufficiency managed to impose themselves, Bruno characterized the human and more-than-human condition as a play of affective contagions. In this essay, I will explore some of those mimetic links. To do this, we will focus on his general theory of bonds (De vinculis in genere), and we will put it in relation to his Italian poems (especially De gli eroici furori). Thinking about these links, which are nothing but vital forces that operate below, through, and beyond human, will lead us to reflect on the relevance that these non-modern conceptions could have today.

El día 26 de octubre de 2006, en la ciudad de Salvador de Bahia, Brasil, la Sociedad Interamericana de Filosofía organizó un Homenaje Académico en memoria de Eduardo Rabossi. El Homenaje se llevó a cabo en el marco del XII Encuentro Nacional de Filosofía del Brasil, organizado por la Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação em Filosofi a (ANPOF), con ocasión del cual tuvo lugar igualmente una Asamblea Extraordinaria de la Sociedad. Los textos que incluimos a continuación fueron leídos en dicho Homenaje.

Así como los seres humanos en medio de sus marcadas diferencias tienen todos igual valor en dignidad sostenemos que es también plausible asumir, como lo hace Taylor en su hipótesis inicial, que las culturas en medio de sus notables diferencias tengan igual valor en cuanto que siendo todas ellas concreciones colectivas históricas de la tarea auto-formativa del ser humano tienen algo importante que decir a la humanidad.En el encuentro dialógico de las culturas que se da desde siempre se llega eso sí a valoraciones comparativas explícitas, jerarquizantes la mayoría de las veces; desde el punto de vista hermenéutico, sin embargo, tiene tan poco sentido jerarquizar culturas como lo tiene jerarquizar comprensiones, ya que cada vez que algo se comprende se comprende de manera diferente. Esta reflexión es hoy de especial relevancia ante la difamación de la multiculturalidad como re-tribalización de la sociedad liberal pluralista en medio del terror antiterrorista globalizado que vivimos.