Carlos Gutierrez

Adaptive Optics (AO) is the field of Astrophysics that corrects the wavefronts of light coming from celestial sources to earth-based telescopes. One of the most common instruments in AO systems are Laser Guide Stars (LGS), laserbeams used to measure the shape of turbulences in the close neighbourhood of the scientific target. Even with its popularity, LGSs can introduce uncertainties in the measurements due to their limited height and width, producing effects such as anisoplanatism and cone effects. There have been different attempts for improving this tool, such as Pupil Plane Projected Pattern (PPPP) system, that have also introduced the use of Neural Networks for turbulence tomography. In this paper, we propose a new technique called Wavefronts Obtained from Measurements from Beam-profiles through Atmospheric Turbulence, which expands the capabilities of PPPP.

This article studies natural food packaging as enabling artifacts of the traditional material culture of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, we consider artifacts as objective nodes that combine design and use intentions, functions, materials, histories, artifactual lineages, and cooperative relationships that stabilize ritualized practices of a human group. We take the example of natural packaging as artifacts that enablers and stabilizers of traditional cooking and food preparation practices. Natural packaging materials are here assumed to be leaves having some favorable property to contain a food product. After providing a theoretical reflection, we analyze the data collected from fieldwork we conducted in two towns in Antioquia, Colombia (Santa Fe de Antioquia and Amagá), as well as from an interview with an expert in the field. Finally, we show that it is possible to postulate an analysis under a relational ontological description of a traditional practice with conceptual categories of the philosophy of technology.

Culture has traditionally been considered as a set of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, norms, and morals, acquired by a human being as a member of a group. Some anthropologists interpret this as a set of abstract representations, such as information or knowledge, while others interpret it as behavioral control mechanisms. These views assume that the contents of a particular culture must be processed by the minds of individuals, either in a direct way or by resorting to learned mental structures in processes of symbolic socialization. Some critics suggest a problem with these perspectives since they do not provide a convincing explanation of the enculturation process beyond metaphorical images of transfer or internalization of symbolic cultural contents through linguistic transmission. The new embodied theories of cognition, especially enactivism, could give new ideas about what enculturation processes are like, through the concept of participatory sense-making in material culture environments. In this essay, we discuss how an enactive vision of culture could be, and what advantages it would have, as well as the challenges and weaknesses in explaining the culture and its learning processes.

Adaptive optics play a crucial role in acquiring high-quality images in ground-based telescopes. The primary challenge lies in mitigating the impact of atmospheric turbulence on captured light, which induces aberrations in the wavefront, resulting in distorted images. Over the past decade, several studies have been carried out exploring the application of predictive models to this technology, aiming to increase the efficiency of the process, reduce costs as well as improve the response time of the system. In particular, neural networks have been proven to be a powerful tool toward this end. This study assesses the potential of novel training and data processing techniques, while also evaluating the influence of specific parameters such as input data length and system frequency. In this study, the ideal training parameters are first analyzed through several low-complexity models, followed by the integration of more sophisticated neural networks. The feasibility of predicting slopes from sensor images has been demonstrated, validating the use of image-based sensor data. These results also open the path for exploring multi-scale sensors, like pyramid sensors, which could further improve predictions by capturing data at different spatial resolutions.

In this research, we present two 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models that were trained, validated and tested using simulated light curves designed to mimic those expected from the Kepler Space Telescope during its extended mission (K2). We also tested them on real K2 data. Our light curve simulator considers different stellar variability phenomena, such as rotations, pulsations and flares, which along with the stellar noise expected for K2 data, hinders the transit signal detection, as in real data. The first model effectively identifies transit-like signals in light curves, classifying them based on the presence or absence of such signals. Furthermore, the second model not only phase-folds the light curves but also eliminates stellar noise, a crucial step when fitting transits to the Mandel and Agol theoretical transit shape. The obtained results include an accuracy of $\sim 99\%$ when classifying the light curves based on the presence or absence of transit-like signals, and $MAPE\sim 6\%$ regarding to the transits’ depth and duration when phase folding the light curves, showing the great capabilities of 1D-CNN for automatizing the transit search in light curves, both on simulated and real data.

This article examines whether memory, in the Colombian context, is strengthening transitional justice in its contribution to reconciliation. We took Colombia as a case study because the Final Peace Agreement signed in 2016 has become a global benchmark for the negotiated resolution of armed conflicts and a source of lessons learned. While in other transitional processes, memory has been a step, a complement, or a replacement for justice, in Colombia, memory is playing a fundamental role in the judicial sanction of the perpetrators. Consequently, an analysis of the Colombian case explores the potential and limits of memorial initiatives in peacebuilding, considering both the advances and obstacles present in the post-agreement scenario. Based on a set of interviews with experts and victims of the Colombian conflict, the article claims that memory can benefit peacebuilding and reconciliation if it is exemplary, polyphonic, and participative. Otherwise, it can reinforce social divisions and political contestation. Received: 10 March 2025 Accepted: 30 September 2025 Articles in Press: 11 November 2025.

Neste trabalho, a concepção hegeliana de futuro como criação contrapõe-se ao "fim da história" de Fukuyama. A ideologia do progresso continua perpetuando a cisão radical de presente e passado que dá início à modernidade européia, a partir da qual o desenraizamento histórico e social do sujeito racional puro reforça o desprestígio da tradição. É preciso restituir à tradição seu caráter de genuína experiência através da destruição apropriadora que quebra o supraentendimento negativo que a circunda há quatro séculos. Ante a supervalorização do futuro em que vivemos, é preciso retornar ao respeito pelo presente, através da paciente atenção ao passado: o presente é o lugar da práxis humana, em que se mesclam passado e futuro na produção da nova realidade, sob pressupostos cada vez maiores. Palavras-chave: História, Progresso, Tradição, Consciência histórica, Contingência.

A reabilitação da "filosofia prática", no século XX, é iniciada pelo jovem Heidegger com sua proposta de uma "hermenêutica da facticidade", remetida a Aristóteles, para enfrentar o auto-encobrimento do ser do ser humano. Porém, rapidamente, as formulações dos gregos clássicos passam a ser olhadas por Heidegger como parte do início do esquecimento da pergunta pelo ser. Gadamer afasta-se de Heidegger nesse ponto já nos anos trinta, colocando a necessidade de ampliar dialogicamente o âmbito da racionalidade prática por meio da complementação da phrónesis e synesis, complementação que se desdobraria, depois, na dialógica de "Verdade e Método". Palavras-chave : Filosofia prática; Heidegger; Hermenêutica da Facticidade; Gadamer; Synesis.

“Those poems by Giordano Bruno are a gift for which I am grateful with all my heart.” In this way, Nietzsche expressed his enthusiasm for the writings of Giordano Bruno (1548–1600). It is not difficult to discern the reasons why those poems turned out to be so stimulating for Nietzsche since, long before the ideas of individualistic self-sufficiency managed to impose themselves, Bruno characterized the human and more-than-human condition as a play of affective contagions. In this essay, I will explore some of those mimetic links. To do this, we will focus on his general theory of bonds (De vinculis in genere), and we will put it in relation to his Italian poems (especially De gli eroici furori). Thinking about these links, which are nothing but vital forces that operate below, through, and beyond human, will lead us to reflect on the relevance that these non-modern conceptions could have today.

In the light of outstanding philosophical theories, listening to the other turns out to be the paradoxical task of addressing an unreachable absolute, which nonetheless embodies all interlocutors and all vital and affective belongingness of human beings at one time. Thus, the philosophy of the second part of the twentieth century is marked by the strong contrast that goes from absolute otherness, from an other that is completely other; to the belonging otherness to which we are bound in our being. This contrast determines the various nuances of listening to the other which I intend to address in this paper.

ABSTRACTThis article presents the findings of a theoretically driven content analysis of the coverage of corporate social responsibility by Expansión, the leading Spanish business journal, in a 1-year time frame. The goal of the article is to help companies understand how they can take advantage of media coverage of CSR by identifying the major stakeholder groups and CSR issues discussed in business news, the positive/negative/mixed tone of the coverage, and the differences that exist in media CSR discourse depending on the industry under scrutiny. The findings are explained under the salience framework of stakeholder theory.

El ser en su riqueza se expresa en el lenguaje que emana también del ser. El lenguaje emergió de su olvido en la filosofía griega, gracias a las ideas cristianas de encarnación y trinidad que le hicieron más justicia. El mayor milagro del lenguaje no estriba en que la palabra aparezca en su ser externo, sino en el hecho de que lo que emerge y se manifiesta sea siempre palabra. La vuelta de Gadamer al final de Verdad y método, en torno a la evidencia de que el ser de lo bello consiste en presentarse, ilustra la estructura universal del ser mismo. Apalabrar a lo que es el ser mismo. Lo que determina y hace posible la interpretación es el presentarse del ser de lo que es.

Aberrations introduced by the atmospheric turbulence in large telescopes are compensated using adaptive optics systems, where the use of deformable mirrors and multiple sensors relies on complex control systems. Recently, the development of larger scales of telescopes as the E-ELT or TMT has created a computational challenge due to the increasing complexity of the new adaptive optics systems. The Complex Atmospheric Reconstructor based on Machine Learning is an algorithm based on artificial neural networks, designed to compensate the atmospheric turbulence. During recent years, the use of GPUs has been proved to be a great solution to speed up the learning process of neural networks, and different frameworks have been created to ease their development. The implementation of CARMEN in different Multi-GPU frameworks is presented in this paper, along with its development in a language originally developed for GPU, like CUDA. This implementation offers the best response for all the presented cases, although its advantage of using more than one GPU occurs only in large networks.

El concepto de cosmovisión fue uno de los conceptos filosóficos más importantes del siglo xix. Si bien Newman no emplea la palabra Weltanschauung o Worldview, este artículo pretende mostrar dos cosas: que lo nombrado con el término cosmovisión está presente en la vida y obra del cardenal inglés, y que los criterios o notas para el genuino desarrollo de las doctrinas que propone en su Ensayo sobre el desarrollo de la doctrina cristiana pueden ser considerados para una cosmovisión racionalmente responsable como un aporte significativo a la filosofía de la religión actual.

In western cultures, when it comes to places of worship and liturgies, music, acoustics and architecture go hand in hand. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the emotions evoked by music are enhanced by the acoustics of the space where the music was composed to be played on. We explored whether the emotional responses of western naïve listeners to two vocal pieces from the Renaissance, one liturgical and one secular, convolved with the impulse responses of four Christian temples from the United Kingdom, were modulated by the appropriate piece/space matching. In an alternative forced choice task where participants had to indicate their preference for the original recording of the piece (not convolved with any temple-like acoustics) vs. the convolved one, no significant differences were found. However, in the tasks where participants rated their emotional in response to each piece and acoustic condition, the factorial ANCOVA analyses performed on the results revealed significant effects. We observed that, across pieces and spaces, participants found the temple-like acoustics as more transcendent, compared to the acoustics of the original version of the pieces. In addition, they rated the secular piece as more tender and the liturgical piece as more expressive in its original versions, compared to the convolved ones. We conclude that the acoustic signature of the four Christian temples causes an exaltation of certain emotions on listeners, although this effect is not associated to one or another musical piece.

Adaptive optics are techniques used for processing the spatial resolution of astronomical images taken from large ground-based telescopes. In this work, computational results are presented for a modified curvature sensor, the tomographic pupil image wavefront sensor, which measures the turbulence of the atmosphere, expressed in terms of an expansion over Zernike polynomials. Convolutional neural networks are presented as an alternative to the TPI-WFS reconstruction. This technique is a machine learning model of the family of artificial neural networks, which are widely known for its performance as modeling and prediction technique in complex systems. Results obtained from the reconstruction of the networks are compared with the TPI-WFS reconstruction by estimating errors and optical measurements. The reconstructed wavefronts from both techniques are compared for wavefronts of 153 Zernike modes. For this case, a detailed comparison and grid search to find the most suitable neural network is performed, searching between multi-layer perceptron, CNN and recurrent networks topologies. In general, the best network was a CNN trained for TPI-WFS reconstruction, achieving better performance than the reconstruction software from TPI-WFS in most of the turbulent profiles, but the most significant improvements were found for higher turbulent profiles that have the lowest r0 values.

The article critically develops Nietzsche's presence in Heidegger's second great work, Contributions to Philosophy. Heidegger considers Nietzsche the last metaphysicist. However, being Western Metaphysics' zenith is the greatest thing that can be said of a thinker, since being the one who brings to completion a school of thought makes one, at the same time, the precursor of the ‘other’ begining and thus his concept of God's dead, nihilism and truth really can open the door to a kind of post-metaphysical thought, as Heidegger would say, the thought of the history od being. Therefore, between Nietzsche's "God is dead" and Heidegger's "last God" there exists continuity and parallelism that needs future development