Franziska Martinsen

Das der modernen Konzeption der Menschenrechte zugrunde liegende Menschenbild, das seinen prominentesten Niederschlag in der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte (1948) findet, wird aus gesellschaftstheoretischer, aus feministisch-intersektionaler und aus postkolonialer Perspektive hinsichtlich seiner problematischen Konnotationen wie Besitzindividualismus, Androzentrismus und Eurozentrismus einer Kritik unterzogen. Zugleich wird aufgezeigt, dass auch die Kritiken ihre normative Kraft aus dem emanzipatorischen Potenzial des menschenrechtlichen Menschenbilds beziehen und somit sein Versprechen auf Solidarität und Empowerment reaktualisieren.

The recent debate about justice and responsibility increasingly tries to accommodate a new type of agentive situation in which local short-term actions have global long-term consequences due to the action’s embedding in complex interactional networks. Currently the debate is shifting focus from the spatial to the temporal dimension of such wide-scope results of individual actions. This shift from “global ethics” to “intergenerational ethics” and, in particular, “climate ethics” requires some new analytical concepts, however. A definition of wide-scope responsibility aimed at articulating our moral concerns about emergent effects in complex systems, such as climate change, is needed. Working from Iris Marion Young’s “social connection model of responsibility,” a notion of shared ecological responsibility with global and intergenerational scope can be developed. This account is not affected by the so-called non-identity objection to intergenerational ethics. From an action-theoretic rather than normative perspective, the account is “ethically parametrized” in the sense that it can be combined with different conceptions of structural and intergenerational justice. The account can be used to support a concrete climate policy proposal: the “Greenhouse Development Rights Framework.”