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83The Concept of a Substance and its Linguistic EmbodimentPhilosophies 8 (6): 114. 2023.My objective is a better comprehension of two theoretically fundamental concepts. One, the concept of a substance in an ordinary (non-Aristotelian) sense, ranging over such things as salt, carbon, copper, iron, water, and methane – kinds of stuff that now count as (chemical) elements and compounds. The other I’ll call the object-concept in the abstract sense of Russell, Wittgenstein, and Frege in their logico-semantical enquiries. The material object-concept constitutes the heart of our recei…Read more
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661Any Sum of Parts which are Water is WaterHumana Mente 4 (19): 41-55. 2011.Mereological entities often seem to violate ‘ordinary’ ideas of what a concrete object can be like, behaving more like sets than like Aristotelian substances. However, the mereological notions of ‘part’, ‘composition’, and ‘sum’ or ‘fusion’ appear to find concrete realisation in the actual semantics of mass nouns. Quine notes that ‘any sum of parts which are water is water’; and the wine from a single barrel can be distributed around the globe without affecting its identity. Is there here, as so…Read more
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31Words without ObjectsPrincipia: An International Journal of Epistemology 2 (2): 147-182. 1998.Resolution of the problem of mass nouns depends on an expansion of our semantic/ontological taxonomy. Semantically, mass nouns are neither singular nor plural; they apply to neither just one object, nor to many objects, at a time. But their deepest kinship links them to the plural. A plural phrase — 'the cats in Kingston' — does not denote a single plural thing, but merely many distinct things. Just so, 'the water in the lake' does not denote a single aggregate — it is not ONE, but rather MUCH. …Read more
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49Ordinary Language and MaterialismPhilosophy 42 (162). 1967.The concept of 'the body', in the supposed contrast of mind and body, is not to be distinguished from the concept of the person, hence dualism is an incorrect conception of the supposed contrast, which is consistent with some form of materialism.
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49Wittgenstein and the Problem of Other Minds. Ed. by Harold Morick, New York and Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 1967. Pp. xxii, 231 (review)Dialogue 8 (2): 337-338. 1969.Book Review
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76Matter and Objecthood DisentangledDialogue 28 (1): 17-. 1989.The concept of matter is not, I urge, reducible to the concept of an object. This is to be distingusihed from the counterintuitive Aristotelian claim that matter depends for its existence on objects which it constitutes.
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196Theories of matterSynthese 31 (3-4). 1975."Matter" may be defined, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, as "The substance, or the substances collectively, out of which a physical object is made or of which it consists". And while the O.E.D. is not the ultimate authority on words, nor is it, I believe, far wrong in this particular case. The definition is, as I shall argue in this paper, in substantial harmony with a tradition of some antiquity, according to which material objects do not constitute a somehow 'fundamental category' …Read more
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1231. Ontology and concept-scriptIn Paolo Valore (ed.), Topics on General and Formal Ontology, Polimetrica International Scientific Publisher. pp. 27. 2006.
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134Exploitation via Labour Power in MarxThe Journal of Ethics 3 (2): 121--131. 1999.Marx''s account of capitalist exploitation is undermined by inter-related confusions surrounding the notion of labour power. These confusions relate to [i] what labour power is, [ii] what happens to labour power in the labour market, and [iii] what the epistemic status of labour power is (the issue of appearance and reality). The central theses of the paper are [a] that property ownership is the wrong model for understanding the exploitation of labour, and [b] that the concept of exploitation is…Read more
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25The 'paper' is itself an abstract, hopefully useful, of the book and its chapters from Clarendon Press (April 2006).
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864Karl Marx's Theory of History, a Defense by G. A. Cohen; Marx's Theory of History by William H. ShawCanadian Journal of Philosophy 10 (2): 335-356. 1980."Capital is moved as much and as little by the degradation and final depopulation of the human race, as by the probable fall of the earth into the sun. Apres moi le deluge! is the watchword of every capitalist and of every capitalist nation" (Marx, CAPITAL Vol 1, 380-381).
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665Some questions of ontologyPhilosophical Review 81 (1): 3-42. 1972.The views of Quine and Strawson on the significance of 'mass terms' are rehearsed, and the metaphysical status of substances, in the chemist's sense, is considered. It is urged that the ontological dichotomy of particulars and universals is not adequate to accommodate such substances, which are in a sense to be explicated concrete but non-particular.
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919Mass nouns, Count nouns and Non-count nounsIn Alex Barber (ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Elsevier. 2005.I present a high-level account of the semantical distinction between count nouns and non-count nouns. The basic idea is that count nouns are semantically either singular or plural and non-count nouns are neither
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36Critical Notice of Rom Harré and Paul. E. Secord, The Explanation of Social Behaviour (review)Canadian Journal of Philosophy 5 (1): 173-180. 1975.
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34The Structure of Marx's World-View (review)Canadian Journal of Philosophy 15 (3): 553-563. 1985.
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12Persons. By Roland Puccetti. London & Toronto: Macmillan Co. of Canada Ltd., 1968. Pp. 145. $7.95Dialogue 8 (2): 344-346. 1969.
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1062Words without objects: semantics, ontology, and logic for non-singularityOxford University Press. 2006.A picture of the world as chiefly one of discrete objects, distributed in space and time, has sometimes seemed compelling. It is however one of the main targets of Henry Laycock's book; for it is seriously incomplete. The picture, he argues, leaves no space for "stuff" like air and water. With discrete objects, we may always ask "how many?," but with stuff the question has to be "how much?" Laycock's fascinating exploration also addresses key logical and linguistic questions about the way we cat…Read more
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Language“The Language of Science” (ISSN Code. 2007.I offer a synoptic account of some chief parameters of language and its relationship to communication and to thought, distinguishing in the process between semantical and pragmatic dimensions of utterance.
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21Time, Language, and Ontology: The World from the B-Theoretic Perspective (review)Review of Metaphysics 69 (3): 630-632. 2016.
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1Mass nouns, count nouns, and non-count nouns: Philosophical aspectsIn Keith Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Elsevier. pp. 534--538. 2006.
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33Exploitation and Equality: Labour Power as a Non-CommodityCanadian Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 15 (sup1): 375-389. 1989.The theory of surplus value contrasts ‘pay for labour power’ and ‘pay for labour services’. Unlike labour services but like all commodities, labour power has a specific economic value and it exchanges at this value. Unlike that of other commodities, the consumption of labour power results in the creation of more value than the commodity itself contains. Surplus value arises from the gap between the labour needed to sustain a day’s work, to keep the worker going for a day, and the labour performe…Read more
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309Variables, generality and existenceIn Paulo Valore (ed.), Topics on General and Formal Ontology, Polimetrica. pp. 27. 2006.So-called mass nouns, however precisely they are defined, are in any case a subset of non-count nouns. Count nouns are either singular or plural; to be non-count is hence to be neither singular nor plural. This is not, as such, a metaphysically significant contrast: 'pieces of furniture' is plural whereas 'furniture' itself is non-count. This contrast is simply between 'the many / few' and 'the much / little' - between counting and measuring. However not all non-count nouns are, like 'furniture'…Read more
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