I. M Osebor

Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with organ failure. The need for organ transplantation has been increasing daily but the numbers of patients who need organs far exceed the supply. The rationale for the non-availability of organs is due to the belief in reincarnation among Nigerian citizens. Reincarnation is a religious belief both in Asia and Africa that humans are reborn as human beings or animals, depending on their previous lifestyle. Reincarnation is also the belief that the human soul or spirit reincarnates after death, to begin another life in a new body, either in human form or in animals, depending on the moral actions of the previous life. This belief affected organ supply in Nigeria because of thinking about what could happen to their organs after rebirth. Using the method of philosophical analysis, this study suggests the implementation of cultural hybridization by policymakers for the expansion of the organ donation pool. Hybridization is a strategy of synthesizing and accepting new ideologies or cultural differences aimed at producing a new identity for the common good of humanity. Cultural hybridization is plausible through the reorientation of potential organ donors to register for the expansion of the organ donation pool.

One of the main challenges facing humanity today is the search for ecological sustainability and the need to support just and equitable eco-social transformations from the individualistic self to the collective self. The effect of the eco-individualistic self includes threat to humanity, contamination of water supplies, destruction or disablement of energy, and many others. Using the philosophical method of hermeneutics, this study maintains that the ethics of self has been misinterpreted and nature as viewed as personal property, has led to the ecological crisis. to avert the ecological crisis, the self must be viewed as collective. The collective self presents no ontological division in the hierarchy of beings, and it is rooted in the philosophy of the native-centric ecology. "Native-centric ecology" refers to environmental collectivism rooted in communalism, inviolability of nature and environmental contingency. It is a moral principle of realizing environmental potential without destroying self. The paper concludes that a better understanding of the self would help to avoid the destruction of the self in ecological relationships.

Rapid technological advancements often outstrip the development of ethical frameworks to govern emerging technologies. Much approach had been suggested including the decolonization of Western bioethics for its inabilities to solve the problems of emerging technology in the health sector. The western bioethics characteristically grounded in philosophies such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, often derived from philosophical traditions like utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics while the Nativecentric bioethics is an approach to ethical decision-making that prioritizes the perspectives, values, and sovereignty of Indigenous peoples. It recognizes the importance of knowledge, cultural practices, and community involvement in addressing issues such as informed consent, genetic research, and healthcare disparities within Indigenous communities. Using the method of philosophical analysis, this study maintains that both western and nativecentric bioethics is good but lacks the capabilities to outstrip ethical framework that govern emerging technologies and that synthetic bioethics is needed to advance the health care sector. Synthetic bioethics transcends traditional and the native centric boundaries of bioethics by integrating insights from different disciplines, including philosophy, medicine, law, sociology, and anthropology. It is a medical philosophy that recognizes the inherent complexity of ethical dilemmas arising from biomedical research, clinical practice, and healthcare policies. This article concludes that synthetic bioethics acknowledges the diversity within every culture and the complexity of cultural differences in upholding the primacy of ethical health and promoting the necessary changes or progress towards shared beliefs to promote ethical health autonomy, respect, and reciprocity.

The philosophy of money is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature, significance, and ethical implications of money. It delves into questions such as the origin of money, its role in society, its impact on human behavior and relationships, and its relationship to value and morality. Money is an essential aspect of modern society, yet its moral implications are often overlooked. The exploration of the philosophy of money provides valuable insights into the moral implications that shape human behavior, societal structures, and moral values. These underpinnings range from issues like inequality and exploitation to environmental degradation and cultural erosion. Using the method of philosophical analysis, this study argue that the major cause of money inequality is job discrimination and proposes the implementation of ethical money policies by policy makers as remedies to address the ethical challenges posed by money. The study concludes that these ethical frameworks would help to regulate individual conscientiousness in fostering a more equitable and sustainable economic system.

Currently, technology is deeply rooted and has impacted almost all aspects of human life, including communication, medicine, entertainment, and our society is increasingly structured towards transhumanism. Transhumanism is a philosophical movement that advocates the application of technology to enhance the intellectual capabilities of human beings. It includes advancements in genetic engineering, artificial intelligence, cybernetics, and many others to assist human beings. Technological assistance for human beings raises moral concerns such as identity colonization, the destruction of cultural values, and the fear of replacing human identities with technology. The Using the philosophical method of analysis, this study maintains that transhumanism is beneficial as it offers potential proficiencies that enhance the cognitive skills of human beings, extend the life span of plants and animals, and close the gaps of physical limitations in different fields. This paper concludes that, among other things, the values and principles of interdisciplinary aim to derive the best from the use of technology. Identity colonization could be addressed through inter-disciplinary dialogue for responsible innovation and to establish a harmonious relationship between humans and the use of technology for the common good of humanity.

The Nigerian refineries have a nameplate capacity of 445,000 barrels per day and are located in three different states around Nigeria: Rivers, Delta, and Kaduna. The daily demand for petroleum products to power various machines in Nigeria is estimated to be 8 million liters. This daily consumption is challenged by frequent price increases and the scarcity of the commodity. The fuel crisis in Nigeria has persisted as a recurrent challenge, impacting various sectors of the economy and the lives of its citizens. The gasoline crisis is characterized by scarcity, long queues at filling stations, and economic disruptions. This crisis stems from a combination of factors spanning from inadequate infrastructure to policy inconsistencies. Nigeria, despite being an oil-producing nation, lacks adequate refining capacity, leading to heavy dependence on fuel imports and susceptibility to fluctuations in global oil prices. Using the method of philosophical analysis, the paper argues that the adoption of local-centric refineries will reduce the cost of production, create job opportunities, and reduce the importation of petroleum products. Furthermore, it will also reduce the negative effects of scarcity and price increases on the economy and the citizens. The local technology for refining petroleum products is practiced by the native inhabitants of Nigeria, and it constitutes a significant part of the country's cultural heritage, but it does not receive much attention in Nigeria due to its environmental impact and the lack of political will to implement indigenous technology. The study concludes that local refineries could help solve the petroleum crisis in Nigeria.

Translation philosophy has played a key role in understanding thoughts and is a tool for effective communication in unfamiliar languages. Language translations serve as intermediaries between the source and the target language text. Without translation services, effective international relations would not be possible. The philosophy of translation helps build bridges across cultures, enabling individuals to experience and learn about cultural diversities that would otherwise be too alien and inaccessible to grasp through a single cultural lens. Language translation (LT) is the manual or electronic conversion of a source language text to exactly match the target language text using signs and symbols. It is challenged by insufficient professional teachers or translators; it is cumbersome, wastes a lot of time, and does many other things. The gaps in traditional language translation have led to the embracement of web translation with the implication of its originality. Using the method of hermeneutics, the paper maintains that traditional and weblanguage translations are affected by the indeterminacy of meaning and the inscrutability of reference. The study concludes with suggestions for the implementation of language proficiency in translation by policymakers, both in oral and written communication through synthetic language translation. Synthetic translation involves integrating two or more pre-existing elements or translations to create the targeted text from a source text that would be epistemologically infallible.

Humans have coexisted with animals for thousands of years, but the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries are when the word "pet" was first coined to mean domesticated animal. Pet ownership is for companionship or pleasure, comfort, amusement, and security. It is good for a child's sense of value, social skills, and cognitive development. There are ethical issues with keeping animals as pets. These problems mean that neglecting animals poses a threat to humans and animals. Pets keeping may be unpleasant but not a sufficient reason to enslave them. This essay contends that having pets is beneficial, but there is an urgent need to investigate moral issues that violate the rights of animals. The moral discussions of petting sparked assessments of the nature of "beingness" and the treatment of confined animals. This study makes the utilitarian case that, if pet ownership serves the interests of the greatest number of animals and their keeper, it should be permitted for the mutual worthy of humanity.

The Right to Try Act refers to legislation that allows terminally ill patients to access investigational medical treatments that have passed basic safety tests but are not yet approved. The rationale for this law is to allow all patients with life-threatening illnesses or conditions to participate in a clinical trial for the experimental drug and offers hope for survival is good but, it raises deep ethical and spiritual questions about tradition and death. The objective is to explore the intersection of the Right to Try Act (RTT) through Buddhist ethics of karuṇā (compassion). The study finds that Buddhist compassionate approach and informed consent protocols—can ensure that medical innovation respects both human dignity and spiritual convictions. The study concludes that policy framework for experimental treatment aims to strike a balance between scientific innovation and human rights protection, while Buddhism emphasizes compassion balanced with wisdom, non-attachment, and mindful preparation for death

The rise of digital museums, especially those leveraging emerging technologies like blockchain, has transformed the way art is curated, accessed, and commercialized. However, this shift poses complex challenges for Native-centric art fairs. Native-centric artistic expression is deeply rooted in spiritual, communal, and cultural traditions and has provided platforms for showcasing authentic artworks. The problem lies in the potential erosion of Indigenous values in an ethical, digitized, or commodified environment. This study addresses the technological advancements in digital curation, but there exists a gap in understanding how digital museums affect Indigenous art, communities, particularly from a religious and bioethical standpoint. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the ethical and religious implications of integrating Native-centric art into digital museums, focusing on how these platforms align or conflict with Indigenous value systems. A philosophical method of analysis is adopted in this study to critically review digital museum infrastructures and their ethical protocols. The research findings reveal a significant dissonance between the individualistic, ownership-based logic of digital museums and the collective, sacred nature of many Native art forms. The contributions of this study lie in foregrounding Indigenous epistemologies in digital ethics discourse and introducing a framework that integrates religious values and bioethical considerations into digital curation practices. Recommendations include adopting community-driven consent mechanisms, ensuring digital sovereignty for Indigenous data, and establishing intercultural ethical guidelines for the digitization of sacred, cultural heritage and ethical collaboration between Indigenous communities, technologists to build inclusive and respectful digital futures.

Climate change represents one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century. The rising of global temperatures, extreme weather events, melting ice caps, and shifting ecosystems are impacts of climate change. The moral implications of climate change have far-reaching effects on biodiversity, global stability, and ecological well-being. Using the philosophical method of analysis, the study finds that the cause of climate change is the human inability to see Earth as one and the lack of oneness; the ecological trinity in the hierarchy of being. The objective of the study is to recommend eco-onenessism by policymakers through teaching and learning in schools to affirm the unity of existence in the state of being. This philosophy stresses the interconnectedness of nature. Although the study finds that the implementation of Eco-onenessism is challenged by human anthropocentrism, yet it offers humanity a comprehensive framework that aligns environmental preservation with a sustainable future.

The loss of biodiversity is one of the environmental challenges facing humanity. It can occur mostly due to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial practices, which have led to an increase in global temperatures, threatening ecosystems and human life worldwide. This study finds that the continuous loss of biodiversity is due to a lack of awareness, and there is an urgent need to increase awareness through Ecological praise. Using the philosophical method of analysis, this study maintains that the implementation of Eco-doxology in our religious places will help to reduce biodiversity loss. Eco-doxology is an act of caring for the Earth through praise, reverence, and stewardship, which will help create more awareness about biodiversity loss and align ecological responsibility with religious duty. Although Eco-doxology has been criticized for relying too heavily on a hopeful view of the future of creation — that God's work of redemption includes the renewal of the Earth it is a theological response to ameliorate the impacts of environmental crises such as biodiversity loss. This study concludes that believers should not view climate action as a political or scientific issue, but as a spiritual responsibility for the common good of the Earth.

Karl Jaspers’ existentialist philosophy revolves around man and his concrete existence. His ideas of philosophical faith and transcendence met differing opinions due to their metaphysical nature. The philosophical faith is theistic, and the struggle against self-identity, which led to the identity crisis. The identity crisis is a psychosocial conflict of the mind. The effects of identity crisis include posttraumatic disorder (PTSD). PTSD reawakens traumatic memory, creating depression, anxiety and linked to identity crisis. Using the method of hermeneutics, this paper suggests the application of Karl Jaspers’s philosophy of existence to solving the problem of the identity crisis.

How will sustainable farming seek to fulfil present-day food security while conserving environmental resources? Finding equilibrium in food security is challenged by eco-individualism. Using the philosophical method of analysis, this study finds that eco-individualism characterizes the moral dominance of other members of the earth. The study recommends the implementation of the Native-Centric Ecological Model (NCEM), a decolonization practice aimed at restraining eco-individualism. The NCEM is an idea rooted in agroecology that involves integrating native ecological knowledge, social practices, and community engagement in rice farming to enhance biodiversity and environmental sustainability. It will also help improve food security and enhance sustainable rice farming in Nigeria. The study concludes that improving farmers' well-being, increasing community commitment to ecological practices, and supporting biodiversity conservation will promote the well-being of the earth, aimed at restraining eco individualism

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with distinctions between right and wrong. The primary concern of ethics is morally correct or incorrect, while expressing a sense of duty and obligation. Ethics studies human activities, which organ farming is one. Organ farming is the scientific method of using animals, such as pig, as an incubator to cultivate healthy genetically human organs. The organ farming raises ethical issues such as humanization of animal, introduction/invasions of new diseases to the public, animal welfare and the moral implication of inducing pluripotent cells. Using the method of a philosophical analysis, this paper maintains that Ethics of organ farming is significant because it serve as a guiding-binding thread, which holds genetic creation of human organs. The paper concludes that adherence to 'organ farming ethics' would help to avert organ shortages and address ethical issues generated by organ farming.