Isaac Carbajal

Este artículo analiza las tensiones entre la ética cívica de Adela Cortina y el liberalismo libertario representado por Hayek, Nozick, Mises y Rothbard. La ética cívica se concibe como una moral mínima, fundamentada en la razón pública y complementada por la razón cordial, orientada a visibilizar exclusiones y promover una ciudadanía activa. El libertarianismo, en cambio, sostiene la primacía de la libertad negativa y advierte contra el riesgo de paternalismo derivado de todo intento estatal de imponer valores comunes. Sostenemos que, aunque existen tensiones estructurales en torno al consenso, la justicia y el rol del Estado, es posible una articulación crítica: una democracia que combine inclusión sin imposición y una libertad entendida no solo como ausencia de coacción, sino también como derecho efectivo.

The global decline in birth rates and prolonged aging, combined with chronic shortages of human and material resources in the medical field, call for a rethinking of health care delivery worldwide. Even so, the principles of the ethics of care—patient autonomy and dignity—must be upheld. Robotics and AI are poised to take on an expanding role; however, uncertainty persists regarding their ability to perform tasks that are traditionally reserved for humans. Beyond technical limitations, the large-scale deployment of these technologies raises profound ethical and philosophical dilemmas that remain largely unaddressed by the literature. Simple robots inspire clear judgments, but the emergence of genuinely intelligent automatons blurs the question of trust, which depends heavily on how each user conceptualizes the machine. Patients can also become attached to these devices, complicating their responsibility. For the moment, robots should serve as sophisticated assistants while a comprehensive machine-ethics framework—bolstered by long-term studies on sustained human-robot interaction— grows mature enough to foster genuine trust in clinical practice.