Lei Lei

This study investigated the status quo of article retractions by Chinese researchers. The bibliometric information of 834 retractions from the Web of Science SCI-expanded database were downloaded and analysed. The results showed that the number of retractions increased in the past two decades, and misconduct such as plagiarism, fraud, and faked peer review explained approximately three quarters of the retractions. Meanwhile, a large proportion of the retractions seemed typical of deliberate fraud, which might be evidenced by retractions authored by repeat offenders of data fraud and those due to faked peer review. In addition, a majority of Chinese fraudulent authors seemed to aim their articles which contained a possible misconduct at low-impact journals, regardless of the types of misconduct. The system of scientific evaluation, the “publish or perish” pressure Chinese researchers are facing, and the relatively low costs of scientific integrity may be responsible for the scientific integrity. We suggested more integrity education and severe sanctions for the policy-makers, as well as change in the peer review system and transparent retraction notices for journal administrators.

Philosophy is one of the oldest disciplines in human history, and its birth originated from humanity’s rational exploration of the essence of the world. With the progress of human civilisation, philosophy has continuously developed its own system, responding to the particular questions raised by the era with the thinking of its own time, and profoundly influencing the development of individuals and society. At present, the importance of teaching philosophy has aroused concern in more and more countries around the world. This paper realistically explores the educational potential of philosophy teaching. Taking the development of contemporary Chinese philosophical resources as an example, this discussion on the Chinese plan for philosophy teaching and proposes key points for optimization.