Wang Ming

The question of what determines brain laterality for auditory cognitive processing is unresolved. Here, we demonstrate a swap of hemisphere dominance from right to left during semantic interpretation of Chinese lexical tones in native speakers using simultaneously recorded mismatch negativity response and behavioral reaction time during dichotic listening judgment. The mismatch negativity, which is a brain wave response and indexes auditory processing at an early stage, indicated right hemisphere dominance. In contrast, the behavioral reaction time, which reflects auditory processing at a later stage, indicated a right ear listening advantage, or left hemisphere dominance. The observed swap of hemisphere dominance would not occur when the lexical tone was substituted with a meaningless pure tone. This swap reveals dependence of hemisphere labor division initially on acoustic and then on functional cues of auditory inputs in the processing from sound to meaning.

BackgroundBoosting the individual learning passion of medical students is a novel approach to improve their academic performance. It facilitates the medical education reform, motivating both policymakers and educators to focus on the function of positive psychology in the career development of medical students. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of two types of learning passion; to clarify the relationship between self-esteem and two types of learning passion among Chinese medical students; to examine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between self-esteem and two types of learning passion, respectively; and to identify the moderating role of professional identity in the relationship between PsyCap and two types of learning passion, respectively.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April to June 2016 in China. A total of 1,218 valid questionnaires were collected from four medical schools.ResultsSelf-esteem significantly and positively influenced medical students’ PsyCap.ConclusionTwo types of learning passion of medical students are positively influenced by self-esteem and PsyCap. Medical students with high-level self-esteem should possess strong PsyCap, which augments their harmonious as well as obsessive learning passion. Moreover, the positive effect of medical students’ PsyCap on harmonious learning passion is more notable among those with a lower professional identity. Finally, this study argues that strengths-based interventions of self-esteem and PsyCap are a beneficial approach for future enhancing learning passion in the domain of medical education.

Spiritual depression is a term originally employed by Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones to describe the phenomenon of Christians experiencing a state of the soul that is marked by an unusually potent and longstanding sense of pessimism, inadequacy, despondency, and lack of activity within one's relationship with God for what appears to be no discernable cause. Although St. John of the Cross’ The Dark Night of the Soul is arguably the most historically influential work on the subject, the English Puritans also developed a robust perspective of their own–-one built upon the principles of the Reformation and a solidly Protestant perspective of the spiritual life. The Puritan concept of spiritual desertion is most lucidly articulated in a lesser-known work by Joseph Symonds titled, The Case and Cure of a Deserted Soul–-a rich and invaluable resource for contemporary pastoral care.

The purposes of research were to describe the neonatal clinicians' personal views and attitudes on neonatal ethical decision-making, to identify factors that might affect these attitudes and to compare the attitudes between neonatal physicians and neonatal nurses in Taiwan. Research was a cross-sectional design and a questionnaire was used to reach different research purposes. A convenient sample was used to recruit 24 physicians and 80 neonatal nurses from four neonatal intensive care units in Taiwan. Most participants agreed with suggesting a do not resuscitate (DNR) order to parents for dying neonates (86.5%). However, the majority agreed with talking to patients about DNR orders is difficult (76.9%). Most participants agree that review by the clinical ethics committee is needed before the recommendation of ‘DNR’ to parents (94.23%) and nurses were significantly more likely than physicians to agree to this (p=0.043). During the end-of-life care, most clinicians accepted to continue current treatment without adding others (70%) and withholding of emergency treatments (75%); however, active euthanasia, the administration of drug to end-of-life, was not considered acceptable by both physicians and nurses in this research (96%). Based on our research results, providing continuing educational training and a formal consulting service in moral courage for neonatal clinicians are needed. In Taiwan, neonatal physicians and nurses hold similar values and attitudes towards end-of-life decisions for neonates. In order to improve the clinicians' communication skills with parents about DNR options and to change clinicians' attitudes for providing enough pain-relief medicine to dying neonates, providing continuing educational training and a formal consulting service in moral courage are needed

How human behavior should be formulated code of ethics, though they are people, agreed; However, only those poor, unscientific road was free to develop norms, conventions, on the contrary, good ethics can not develop freely, and only through the moral purposes of social development, human behavior from the fact that the objective nature of how derived, worked out: how the behavior of developed code of ethics of the pros and cons of direct to say, depends on how ethical behavior should recognize the value of of true and false; simply put, is the fact that one depends on how the behavior of the objective understanding of the law of the true and false, depending on the other hand was down the purpose of understanding the true and false. This is based on good ethics and moral value judgments and behavior to determine the facts and determine the truth of the moral purpose of the derivation and formulation process, which is good ethics and the development of methods of derivation. Though the moral norms about human behaviors are enacted and agreed upon artificially, only villainous and unscientific moral norms can be enacted and agreed upon arbitrarily. On the contrary, good moral norms can never be enacted arbitrarily. We can only infer and enact moral norms according to the objective nature of human behaviors through the society's goal to enact morality. The quality of the moral norms about the enacted behaviors simply counts on weather we truly know the moral values ​​of human behaviors. Fundamentally, the quality of the moral norms depends on whether we truly know the fact of human behaviors as an objective principle and whether we truly know the moral goals. All the above is the process how good moral norms are inferred and enacted according to the judgment of moral values, the judgment of the fact of human behaviors and the judgment of moral goals

Only special and direct moral origin, purpose and standards, it may be to promote non-human beings such as animals and plants of interest; and the ultimate origin of moral purpose and standards, only to promote the interests of humanity. On the one hand, when humans and animals and plants and other non-human beings of the same interest, they should follow the ethics of special, direct the objectives and criteria, which should improve both the promotion of human interests and the interests of animals and plants, even plants and animals should be in order to enhance promote the interests of the interests of animals and plants: non-anthropocentrism is the truth. On the other hand, when animals and plants, the interests of non-human beings in conflict with the interests of humanity can not co-existence, the morality of specific objectives and criteria will be directly does not work, then they should resort to the ultimate purpose of morality and standards "promote the interests of humanity", which should be at the expense of non-human animal existence and preservation of the interests of the interests of humanity: human-centrism is the truth. Only the specific and direct origin, goal and criterion of morality could be meant to improve the benefits of non-human creatures, like animals and plants, while the ultimate origin, goal and criterion of morality are intended simply to improve the benefits of human beings . Therefore, on the one hand, while the benefits of human beings are consistent with the ones of non-human creatures, we should follow the specific and direct goal and criterion of morality so as to improve the benefits of both human beings and creatures or even improve the benefits of non-human creatures for their own sake: Non-anthropocentrism is the truth. On the other hand, when the benefits of non-human creatures are colliding with the ones of human beings, the specific and direct goal and criterion of morality are useless, whereupon we should appeal to the ultimate goal and criterion of morality-"to improve the benefits of human beings"-protecting human beings' benefits at the expense of the benefits of non-human creatures: Anthropocentrism is the truth

Secret language that the language problem, and the meaning dense, dense body together constitute the empty sea esoteric ideas backbone. Kukai the discussion in this regard, with both deep and unique characteristics and differences, and lack a certain academic value and religious significance. This article in its "sound word meaning of reality," as the research object, research on the basis of the text, focusing on the sound of the word and the reality of the area, and its impact on future generations and the impact of literary theory in Japan, highlighting their break learning to see the "Distinction between word and meaning," meaning, trying to reveal the unique nature of its philosophy of language. Gomitu, largely a linguistic issue, forms the main subjects of Kūkai's esoteriic buddhist thoughts along with Imitu and Sinmitu. This issue is dealt with by Kukai in a profound and idiosyncratic way without losing its academic value. Regarding the book Syoujijitusougi as the subject matter, I wish to demonstrate the uniqueness of his linguistic theories with a stress on a pair of categories of Syouji and Jitusou

Confucian thought in China Datong millennium far-reaching political culture. Influence of traditional Chinese culture by Mao Zedong. Datong Confucian thinking which is especially large. This effect penetration in their political thinking, to become his future design patterns in Chinese society an important cultural genes. Confucian harmony with the design of Mao Zedong thought and utopian socialist social model of color, the practice in China is seriously out of practice because the level of development and productivity, cost a lot of social capital to China's modernization process suffered a major setback. The Great Harmony of Confucianism has attached profound significance to the political culture of the past two millenniums in China. Permeated in the extensive impact of the Chinese ideology of traditional culture, Mao Zedong owes greatly to the cultural gene of his political thinking in designing the pattern of China's social development, which consists of Great Harmony of Confucianism and utopian socialism. Departing from the reality and the development of productive forces, China consumed immense social resources and suffered grievous setback in its modernization drive

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.