B. Chen

Fezf1 and Fezf2 are highly conserved transcription factors that were first identified by their specific expression in the anterior neuroepithelium of Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. These proteins share an N‐terminal domain with homology to the canonical engrailed repressor motif and a C‐terminal DNA binding domain containing six C2H2 zinc‐finger repeats. Over a decade of study indicates that the Fez proteins play critical roles during nervous system development in species as diverse as fruit flies and mice. Herein we discuss recent progress in understanding the functions of Fezf1 and Fezf2 in neurogenesis and cell fate specification during mammalian nervous system development. Going forward we believe that efforts should focus on understanding how expression of these factors is precisely regulated, and on identifying target DNA sequences and interacting partners. Such knowledge may reveal the mechanisms by which Fezf1 and Fezf2 accomplish both independent and redundant functions across diverse tissue and cell types.

Direct democracy and indirect democracy issue is a hot topic in contemporary political philosophy. Based on the secret "representative government" re-interpretation, to clarify the direct relationship between democracy and indirect democracy. Mill systematic exposition of the problems of representative democracy, his theory of indirect democracy contains elements of direct democracy. On the one hand the people personally Mill politics of direct democracy as the basis and premise of representative democracy, to clarify the people's participation in direct democracy, legitimacy, rationality; other hand, he has a profound analysis of people's participation in direct democracy may take to the ills and dangers. In fact, direct democracy is a double-edged sword, both can become a weapon to overcome the tyranny, but also may lead to tyranny of the majority; can become free of the security, may also become the enemies of freedom. Therefore, according to the actual situation, Li Yang avoid its evils, the design of the political system, the correct and appropriate use of the form of direct democracy, to ensure the people's political participation. The issue of direct democracy and indirect democracy is one of the hotspots of the contemporary political philosophy. This paper clarifies the relationship between direct democracy and indirect democracy more clearly by the re-unscrambling of John Stuart Mill's Considerations On Representative Government. Mill expatiated upon the theme of representative government systematically. It includes the elements of direct democracy in his theory of indirect democracy. On the one hand, Mill took the direct democracy coming from the people's political participation as the base and precondition of representative democracy, clarified the justice and rationality of the direct democracy; on the other hand, he analyzed profoundly the possible disadvantages and dangers coming from direct democracy? the people themselves participate the political affairs. Actually, direct democracy is a sword with double blades, it can become the weapon of overcoming the tyranny, and it can also lead to the tyranny of the majority; it can be the guarantee of freedom, and the enemy of it, too. Therefore, we should develop the advantages and stay away from the disadvantages of direct democracy according to the practical situations, and in order to guarantee the people's political participation, we should use direct democracy correctly and moderately in the design of the political system.

Fiction from life, but life works in the picture is the author describes life for the restructuring process, imagine supplement, be the product of typification. Unrefined process of individual events may be in life is real, but the lack of typical, writing in the novel, but seems false. Author of fictional characters and plot, must proceed from life, life will flow in from the fabricated, resulting hypocritical characters, dialogue, false, absurd plot. Novel reflects life and performance of the theme by the image must not rely on graphic. Strength of the whole art of the novel in subtle, more like the author's intentions, the more impressive works can. Miss too clever to write fiction, it is felt in the show off skills, life will lose credibility. Creation of life should be in accord with the laws of the original, unexpected but reasonable, otherwise self-defeating. Novelist should walk in front of the times, that life without the performance of new and something, and guard against plagiarism apply in order to find the road of innovation.

The crude water-soluble oligosaccharides, coded as TOS, VOS and BOS, were isolated from tunica, viscera and whole body of the ascidian Styela clava, which chemical and physical characteristics were determined by several chemical methods, as well as their antioxidant activities by various in vitro assay systems. TOS with the lowest yield had higher sulfate and uronic acid content than the other two samples. The EC50 of TOS, VOS and BOS were 6.32, 3.45 and 5.55 mg/mL against hydroxyl radical and 1.35, 0.77 and 0.90 mg/mL against DPPH radicals, respectively. VOS showed the highest antioxidant activities among three samples. The results indicated that crude oligosaccharide extracted from different parts of Styela clava had antioxidant activities, which could be explored as novel potential antioxidants. © 2011 IEEE.