M. Lopez

In this manuscript, we extend ecological approaches and suggest ideas for enhancing athlete development by utilizing the Skilled Intentionality Framework. A broad aim is to illustrate the extent to which social, cultural and historical aspects of life are embodied in the way football is played and the skills young footballers develop during learning. Here, we contend that certain aspects of the world are “weighted” with social and cultural significance, “standing out” to be more readily perceived and simultaneously acted upon when playing football. To comprehend how patterns of team coordination and athletic skill embody aspects of culture and context we outline the value-directedness of player-environment intentionality. We demonstrate that the values an individual can express are constrained by the character of the social institutions and the social order in which people live. In particular, we illuminate the extent to which value-directedness can act as a constraint on the skill development of football players “for good or ill.” We achieve this goal by outlining key ecological and relational concepts that help illustrate the extent to which affordances are value-realizing and intentionality is value-directed. To enhance coaching practice, we offer: insights into markers of skilled intentionality, and, the language of skilled intentions, as well as highlighting, an additional principle of Non-linear Pedagogy: Shaping skilled intentions, or more precisely shaping the value-directedness of player-environment intentionality. We contend that, if sport practitioners do not skilfully attend to sociocultural constraints and shape the intentions of players within training environments and games, the social, cultural, and historic constraints of their environment will do so: constantly soliciting some affordances over others and directing skill development.

The challenge of developing creativity to enhance human potential is conceptualized as a multifaceted wicked problem due to the countless interactions between people and environments that constitute human development, athletic skill, and creative moments. To better comprehend the inter-relatedness of ecologies and human behaviors, there have been increasing calls for transdisciplinary approaches and holistic ecological models. In this paper we explore an ecological dynamics rationale for creativity, highlighting the conceptual adjacency of key concepts from transdisciplinarity, dynamic systems theory, ecological psychology and social-cognitive psychology. Our aim is to extend the scope of ecological dynamics and contextualize the application of non-linear pedagogy in sport. Foregrounding the role of sociocultural constraints on creative behaviors, we characterize the athlete-environment system as an ecological niche that arises from, and simultaneously co-creates, a form of life. We elaborate the notion that creative moments, skill and more generally talent in sport, are not traits possessed by individuals alone, but rather can be conceived as properties of the athlete-environment system shaped by changing constraints. This re-conceptualization supports a pedagogical approach predicated on notions of athletes and sports teams as complex adaptive systems. In such systems, continuous non-linear interactions between system components support the exploration of fluent and flexibly creative performance solutions by athletes and sports teams. The implications for practice suggest that cultivating a constellation of constraints can facilitate adaptive exploration of novel affordances (opportunities/invitation for action), fostering creative moments and supporting creative development in athletes. Future models or frameworks for practice contend that pedagogies should emerge from, and evolve in, interaction with the sociocultural context in which practitioners and athletes are embedded.

Este artículo presenta algunos de los principales ejemplos que caracterizan la histórica aversión del bloque en el poder a la construcción de la columna vertebral del Estado: un contrato fiscal sólido. Los esfuerzos de algunos gobiernos y de algunos funcionarios interesados en fortalecer la capacidad infraestructural del Estado se han tropezado regularmente con los intereses de unas fracciones de la élite que, adversas a la redistribución, han sido exitosas en bloquear el fortalecimiento fiscal del Estado. La persistencia de la larga guerra civil colombiana no es independiente de la falta de recursos necesarios para poner fin la guerra y financiar una paz sostenible.

The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the existing literature studying the relationship between emotional intelligence and risk behavior. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific evidence available relating both constructs. Particular attention was paid to identifying possible differences in this relationship as a function of the different conceptualizations of EI and the risk domain. The study was conducted following the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Our results revealed a significant negative relationship between EI and health-related risk behaviors. However, this relationship was not observed in other risk domains such as finance and gambling. The relationship between EI and risk behavior differed according to the risk domain studied, which supports the notion that risk is a domain-specific construct. The results associated with the health-related risk behaviors are consistent with existing literature about the positive impact of emotional abilities on the health domain. A more complete understanding of the emotional mechanisms that underlie risk behavior could help to establish action guidelines and improve programmes to prevent and reduce the negative effects of risk behavior on our society.

We used to think it was the job of a historian of Spanish science to combat the negative evaluations of Hispanic cultures that came to be known as the Black Legend. Paradoxically, attempts to amend dominant narratives of the history of science (such as the Scientific Revolution) so that they might accommodate Spain bolstered the very stories we meant to dismantle. Caring about the Black Legend deformed the history we were trying to write and never convinced the people we hoped to sway. In this article, we provide an overview of the historiographic tendencies that most shaped our careers – responses to the Black Legend, such as contributionist history and bibliometrics – and explain why we have chosen to move on.

Norms have been widely enacted in human and agent societies to regulate individuals’ actions. However, although legislators may have ethics in mind when establishing norms, moral values are only sometimes explicitly considered. This paper advances the state of the art by providing a method for selecting the norms to enact within a society that best aligns with the moral values of such a society. Our approach to aligning norms and values is grounded in the ethics literature. Specifically, from the literature’s study of the relations between norms, actions, and values, we formally define how actions and values relate through the so-called value judgment function and how norms and values relate through the so-called norm promotion function. We show that both functions provide the means to compute value alignment for a set of norms. Moreover, we detail how to cast our decision-making problem as an optimisation problem: finding the norms that maximise value alignment. We also show how to solve our problem using off-the-shelf optimisation tools. Finally, we illustrate our approach with a specific case study on the European Value Study.

This research presents the Humanosphere Potentiality Index, developed to address current global potentiality from a long-term perspective. The HPI presents a different way to envision the current condition of the world, one that is compatible with a strong sustainability paradigm approach and demonstrates the significance of tropical countries for global sustainability. A comparison between HPI and the Human Development Index reveals a dominant developmental paradigm that justifies the HDI perspective, and comparisons between HPI and four popular environmental indicators provide insights into how human society should engage with the natural environment. This research argues that the worldview from HPI presents a perspective that asks us to pay more attention not only to development but also to global potentiality from a long-term perspective.

El presente artículo busca aportar un criterio de categorización que permita plantear una diferenciación en función de la legitimación al recurso a la guerra como medio de resolución de conflictos entre Estados, para así poder distinguir los principales enfoques de la teoría de la guerra justa. De esta manera se diferencian en primer lugar el pacifismo, que rechaza cualquier tipo de respuesta violenta por parte de un Estado; la autodefensa, que limita esa actuación a la defensa frente a una agresión previa; el intervencionismo, que defiende las acciones militares en supuestos de violaciones de derechos humanos; y el belicismo, que rechaza cualquier limitación a la capacidad bélica de los Estados. El artículo concluye mostrando cómo esta propuesta de clasificación aporta una aproximación sencilla con el potencial de resumir las posturas de los distintos autores, así como de mostrar los posicionamientos de estos sobre conflictos actuales.

La juventud se ha convertido en un objeto de estudio y de atención política desde mediados del siglo XX. Hay diversas razones o causas que explican o justifican este hecho: la prolongación de la edad escolar y, como consecuencia, de la niñez y sobre todo de la adolescencia; pero, también la extensión de la etapa de incorporación a una vida adulta focalizada en el trabajo y la formación de la propia familia, que coincide con la etapa vital de la juventud. Es así como aparece un colectivo cada vez con formas de vida y problemas más similares, con una cierta conciencia de pertenencia al mismo y con una vigilancia específica de las fuerza políticas tanto por su importancia electoral como por su cantera para el reemplazo de futuros miembros.…

Es obvio que el contenido de este trabajo deberá moverse entre la sociología de la familia y la del consumo, aunque solo sea como referentes teóricos. Sin embargo, tales vínculos deberán ser solo puntos de apoyo para analizar sin ataduras académicas una visión de los comportamientos económicos que tienen su localización primaria en la familia. Consecuentemente, tendremos que hacer una descripción de esos comportamientos y sus contenidos, su evolución y su diversificación, retomando los motivos más recurrentes al uso, pero con la orientación hacia la familia como institución y como grupo en las sociedades avanzadas actuales…

Este artículo pretende un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, poner en valor la antropología religiosa del pensador español, Gonzalo Puente Ojea (1924-2017) que no ha contado aún con la atención académica merecida. En segundo lugar, analizar una tesis que podemos considerar como audaz en la medida que reivindica la recuperación del animismo de E. B. Tylor. Para conseguirlo, tras una breve introducción que contextualiza el problema que abordamos, se comienza por trazar una cartografía del pensamiento sobre la religión de nuestro autor. A continuación, se realiza un recorrido por su lectura del animismo tyloriano, valorando sus principales tesis en correspondencia con las teorías y los resultados de la investigación etnográfica recientes. Tras esto, extendemos nuestra lectura crítica a los principales diálogos que mantuvo con autores contrarios a la teoría animista y, de forma particular, con la teoría angular de la religión de Gustavo Bueno. Se concluye con unas consideraciones finales sobre los límites de neoanimismo como hipótesis explicativa del origen de la religiosidad y su sentido en el ámbito de la concepción irreligiosa de la realidad propia de Puente Ojea.

Background No studies have been conducted in Mexico to ascertain what ethical problems doctors working at hospitals deal with. This article aims to describe the ethical conflicts most commonly identified by Mexican internists and the importance they attribute to each of these conflicts. Methods Voluntary survey to the members of the Internal Medicine Association of Mexico. Results Responses were submitted by 347 internists. Half of those face ethical conflicts almost always or frequently. The most commonplace and relevant conflicts are those resulting from the clinical relationship (communication, confidentiality, informed consent, assessment of mental capacity, decisions involving incapacitated patients, and conflicts with family members), and secondly those problems related with the end of life (palliative care, withholding or withdrawing treatment, and “No CPR orders”). To resolve conflicts they seek support through protocols, Institutional Ethics Committees (IECs), and consultations with colleagues and, occasionally, with bioethics experts. Protocols and IECs are the tools most in demand among them. Conclusions 1) the most frequent and relevant conflicts are those caused by the clinical relationship, above all those due to doctor–patient communication, and secondly those due to problems which arise at the end of life; 2) though nearly all of them have doubts about how to resolve conflicts, the vast majority are satisfied with the way in which they do so; 3) to deal with conflicts, they seek support mainly in protocols, IECs, and consultation with colleagues; and 4) in order to resolve them better, what they most demand are protocols and IECs, but also bioethics consultants.

This work studies the interaction networks that arise on Twitter in relation to such a relevant topic as climate change. We detected that the largest connected component of these networks presents low values of average degree and betweenness, as well as a small diameter compared to the total number of nodes in the network. The largest connected component of retweeting and quoting networks also exhibits very low negative assortativity. The quoting and retweeting networks have a more hierarchical structure than the replying network. We also find that the process of emergence of new links in the interaction networks can be properly modeled through a Support Vector Machine model using the embeddings provided by the Node2Vec algorithm. A Random Forest model using certain similarity measures as explanatory variables between nodes also provides high accuracy. In addition, we analyze the communities existing in each interaction network by means of the Louvain method. The cumulative probability distributions of hashtags per community are also examined.

The Polian notion of “formal potency” makes possible to theorize about the data of neuroscience. Brain constitutes a functional unity with epigenetic dynamics that harmonizes multiple and diverse functions, devoted to knowledge, tendencies, motor function, etc., because a unitarian connected function exists. The unity is not fixed: this function harmonizes the variatios, interrutions and beginnings. The regulation of the functional dynamics that produces indetermination and freedom of the human psychic functions over the neurologic automatism produces the intrinsic inhibituion of the inputs of cognitive and emotional information of the neuronal process. It is described that the integration of the cognitive-affective areas of these circuits makes possible to evaluate the sensorial information, to elaborate the responde in relation wirh the others or to make decisions. Such a regulatory function of the dynamic integration of the multiple brain functions is performed at the highest level of the nervous system, in the brain cortex, mainly on the frontal lobe