C. Perez

A filosofia política contemporânea teorizou as operações do poder, mas ainda permanece insuficientemente explicado por que este requer identidades fixas. Este artigo desenvolve o conceito de “anti-ponto-nodal” do sobrevivente a partir da obra de Elias Canetti, com o objetivo de demonstrar a incompatibilidade ontológica estrutural entre o poder e a metamorfose. O sobrevivente constitui-se por meio de uma impermeabilidade identitária absoluta: não pode transformar-se nos outros à cuja morte sobreviveu, porque sua identidade é definida por essa separação rígida. A metamorfose, por sua vez, opera por meio da capacidade de adotar múltiplas configurações corporais-fenomenológicas e de habitar temporariamente outros modos de existência. Essa incompatibilidade desdobra-se em cinco dimensões: identidade (rigidez vs. fluidez), distância (separação vs. habitação), acumulação (apropriação vs. dissolução), vulnerabilidade (invulnerabilidade vs. fragilidade assumida) e mundo (calculabilidade vs. abertura). Mediante a análise hermenêutico-fenomenológica dos textos de Canetti e o diálogo crítico com Foucault e Agamben, argumenta-se que o poder exige identidades fixas porque se constitui a partir da lógica do sobrevivente, que requer estruturalmente um “anti-ponto-nodal”, isto é, uma configuração identitária que ninguém mais pode adotar. A metamorfose, por sua vez, representa um modo de existência estruturalmente incompatível com o poder e sugere formas de resistência que operam a partir da fluidez identitária, em vez de identidades fixas. O conceito de “anti-ponto-nodal” contribui para a filosofia política contemporânea ao explicar a exigência de fixidez identitária como condição ontológica estrutural do poder.

En el franquismo, la copla y sus protagonistas transmitieron los principios del régimen a la sociedad del momento, pero también otros que la dictadura no pudo controlar. Este trabajo estudia la dicotomía entre lo normativo y contra-normativo en la ontogenia de la copla española, a través del análisis de una selección del repertorio de Concha Piquer y Juana Reina, cuyas trayectorias vitales y profesionales sirven de marco contextual en el estudio. Los resultados revisan diferentes rasgos que la literatura científica y el saber popular han asignado a este patrimonio, examinados aquí, por primera vez, a la luz del análisis musical.

This article proposes the notion of “aesthetics of school care” as a conceptual and methodological tool for exploring how care is lived within schools. First, bridging the ethics of care and everyday aesthetics, the article argues that school care is not only an ethical responsibility but also an embodied, sensory, and relational practice shaped by spatial, material, and atmospheric conditions. Through an interdisciplinary dialogue between school aesthetics, architecture, and public health, the article examines how pedagogical practices, school design, and adolescent health orientations converge to configure students’ experiences of care. Second, the article operationalizes this approach into a structured analytical guideline that identifies key dimensions of care—such as spatial conditions, adaptability of spaces, physical learning environment, emotional atmosphere, and sense of belonging—across classrooms, cafeterias, and courtyards. To illustrate the applicability of this framework, a case study from a Chilean public high school is presented, showing how everyday material decisions, environments, and objects mediate caring relations. The case highlights both the constraints and potentials of existing school spaces to express care in participatory and context-sensitive ways. In conclusion, the article argues that care in schools is not an accidental matter but is a decisive condition for cultivating attention, belonging, and mutual recognition. What is more, by situating care within the sensory and intersubjective dynamics of school life, the article contributes to broader discussions on education and calls for a reconceptualization of schools as venues where the capacity to care and be cared for is aesthetically formed.

This article examines assisted reproductive technologies (ART) from a feminist perspective, focusing on the tensions between autonomy, desire, and justice. It explores the ethical implications of medicalization, body commodification, and gender and family norms that ART may reinforce or challenge. Using the concept of relational autonomy, it highlights how social, economic, and cultural conditions shape reproductive choices. Integrating the ethic of care and reproductive justice is proposed as an analytical framework to promote a more inclusive and critical understanding of ART, emphasizing equity, dignity, and rights.

The recent flood of research concerning pollutants in personal environmental and biological samples - blood, urine, breastmilk, household dust and air, umbilical cord blood, and other media - raises questions about whether and how to report results to individual study participants. Clinical medicine provides an expert-driven framework, whereas community-based participatory research emphasizes participants' right to know and the potential to inform action even when health effects are uncertain. Activist efforts offer other models. We consider ethical issues involved in the decision to report individual results in exposure studies and what information should be included. Our discussion is informed by our experience with 120 women in a study of 89 pollutants in homes and by interviews with other researchers and institutional review board staff.

The influence of political institutions on corporate behavior has emerged as a hot topic, with special attention paid to those institutions that shape a country’s level of democracy. Building on institutional and corporate citizenship theories, this study explores how formal (i.e., electoral pluralism, government functioning, civil liberties) and informal (i.e., political culture, citizen participation) political institutions associated with the democratic level of a country impact corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing on 27,694 firm-year observations from 2016 to 2023, across 4,072 firms in 63 countries, we find that companies operating in political systems with robust electoral processes, strong civil liberties, and high levels of political participation tend to engage more actively in CSR. These results show the important role of those political institutions that underpin democracy in corporate responsible behavior.

Carl Schmitt’s concept of constituent power, grounded in his engagement with the constitutional theory of the French Revolution, has recently attracted renewed scholarly attention. Existing research has largely focused on the connection Schmitt draws between Sieyès’s notion of constituent power and the modern concept of dictatorship, particularly in relation to the National Convention (1792–1795). This article advances a different perspective by examining Schmitt’s study notes, written between 1923 and 1926, on the constitutional debates of the National Constituent Assembly (1789–1791). It argues that Schmitt’s constitutional theory was shaped more profoundly than previously acknowledged by the constitutional-monarchical current of these early debates, and that his engagement with Sieyès reflects a significant continuity of ideas rather than a selective or instrumental appropriation. Drawing on materials from Schmitt’s personal archive (Nachlass), the article shows how this early engagement informed key concepts in his constitutional theory – most notably constituent power, representation, and monarchy – while also clarifying the monarchical foundations of his later conception of the head of state (Reichspräsident). It further demonstrates that Schmitt’s reading of the French Revolution was mediated by a critical dialogue with the work of the German jurist Karl Loewenstein, published in 1922.

Guillermo A. Juárez, Dios Trinidad en todas las creaturas y en los santos. Estudio histórico-sistemático de la doctrina del Comentario a las Sentencias de Santo Tomás de Aquino sobre la omnipresencia y la inhabitación. Córdoba, Ediciones del Copista, 2008, 644 pp. (Gilles Emery) Héctor José Delbosco, El humanismo platónico del cardenal Bessarión. Pamplona, EUNSA, 2008, 220 pp. (Ignacio Pérez Constanzó) Josef Pieper, Introducción a Santo Tomás de Aquino. Doce lecciones. Madrid, Rialp, 2005, 182 pp. (Emiliano Vanoli) Francisco O’Reilly, Duda y opinión. La conciencia en Soto y Medina. Cuadernos de Pensamiento Español n° 32, Pamplona, Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de Navarra, 2006, 102 pp. (Mario Šilar) Hannah Arendt, Responsabilidad y Juicio. Notas e introducción de Jerome Kohn. Traducción de Miguel Candel. Barcelona, Paidós, 2007, 273 pp. (María Fátima Lobo) Fina Birulés, Hannah Arendt. Una herencia sin testamento. Barcelona, Editorial Herder, 2007. 256 pp. (María Fátima Lobo) Gustavo Daniel Beláustegui, Representaciones Interpersonales. Imágenes y huellas del Self. Buenos Aires, Editorial de la Universidad Católica Argentina, 2007, 380 pp. (Bernardo Nante) Aa. Vv. Llamados a la libertad. VII Congreso Católicos y Vida Pública (18, 19 y 20 de noviembre de 2005), Tomo 1. Madrid, Ediciones CEU, 2006, 1116 pp. (Juan Pablo Serra)

The purpose of these articleis to show the inconsistency of assume an intentionalist definition of art and simultaneously to be anti-intentionalist in realtion to the meaning and value of the art work. Both positions are defended today by G. Dickie, who is the creator of the Institutional Theory of Art. The main criticism here is that in fact is impossible to gave a sense to the idea of trying to make an art work and that these intention not includes other intentions about its meaning or its effect. In that sense, the institutional context described by Dickie point out the necessary conditions to produce an art work but not the sufficient ones.

Matthew Levering, Scripture and Metaphysics. Aquinas and the renewal of Trinitarian Theology, Oxford, Blackwell,2004, 254 pp. (Guillermo Juárez). Jean-Luc Marion, Au lieu de soi. L’approche de saint Agustin, Paris, PUF, collection «Épiméthée», 2008, 441 pp. (Jean Grondin). Juan Cruz Cruz y María Jesús Soto-Bruna (Editores), Metafísica y dialéctica en los períodos carolingio y franco (s. IX-XI), Pamplona, EUNSA (Colección depensamiento medieval y renacentista nº 79), 2006, 276 pp. ISBN: 84-313-2398-1 (Ignacio Pérez Constanzó). Josef Pieper, Filosofía, contemplación y sabiduría. Prólogo de Héctor Delbosco. Traducción de Alberto Capboscq. Buenos Aires, Agape, 2008, 94 pp. (Emiliano Vanoli).

¿Los liderazgos los ejercen personas y se dirigen a personas? Son muchos los distintos paradigmas de liderazgo (Harvard Business School, Liderazgo, 1999), (Hesselbein, F. y Cohen, P. M. (comp.), De líder a líder, 2002), (VV. AA., Paradigmas del liderazgo, 2001), (O’Connelly, 2014), (Yukl, 2002). El liderazgo es un tema de investigación y estudio permanente. Las perspectivas desde donde se ha investigado el liderazgo son múltiples, fundamentalmente, desde aquellos que ejercen el liderazgo en la práctica, esto es, de la ‘figura del líder’. Este artículo sostiene que, en la base de cualquier liderazgo, está la ‘persona’ del líder como la ‘persona’ de aquellos quienes lo siguen. Para ello, ahonda, en primer lugar, a través de una revisión de la literatura científica, en el concepto de persona como base primordial de cualquier liderazgo, también, en el concepto de ‘liderazgo verdaderamente humanista’ propósito último de este artículo. En segundo lugar, otro elemento que este artículo plantea es un aspecto fundamental de la persona: su componente ‘relacional’. En el seno de las organizaciones y de las empresas, también, se establecen ‘relaciones’ tanto dentro como fuera de las mismas. En este artículo se plantean los siguientes interrogantes: ¿cómo deberían ser estas relaciones entre líder y seguidores? En concreto, ¿cómo debería ser la ‘relación’ entre el líder y sus colaboradores en la empresa? En tercer lugar, ante los distintos enfoques de lo que se entiende, hoy en día, por ‘humanismo’, el artículo expone cuál es la conceptualización de ‘humanismo’ que ha de ser pilar fundamental para una propuesta de verdadero liderazgo humanista para las empresas.

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of Spanish secondary school teachers in the fields of social and experimental sciences (n = 215) regarding the formative relevance of argumentative competence in the context of citizenship education. It also seeks to provide a psychometric instrument supported by robust empirical evidence of reliability and validity to achieve this goal. Based on a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, the AASES (Assessment of Argumentation in Social and Experimental Sciences) instrument,—developed ad hoc,—is administered to identify the potential relationship of sociodemographic factors with the theoretical subconstructs it comprises, the statistical association between age, origin, and gender, and the mediating role of gender in the relationship between age/place of origin and the defined latent factors, and the existence of significant differences among sociodemographic groups. The results indicate that, although a statistical association between age and gender was observed, the mediating role of gender in the relationship between age, origin, and the latent factors cannot be confirmed. SEM analyses showed that none of the sociodemographic predictors (age, origin, and gender) exert statistically significant direct or mediating effects on the latent factors. Furthermore, the comparative analyses complement the model by indicating that perceptions vary moderately by gender and age, even though these variables do not explain the latent factors in the SEM. Indeed, the analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the Critical and Ethical Skills dimension based on these two factors, with higher scores among male teachers and in the oldest age group, as well as increasing trends, with age, in the perceived importance of argumentation for the development and acquisition of critical thinking skills, informed decision-making, and ethical discussion. The findings highlight the need to incorporate specific spaces within the curriculum and teacher education programs to foster argumentative competencies and informed engagement with controversial socio-scientific issues, taking into account sociodemographic variables as influential factors in the educational process.

La contribución de Amanda Labarca en la historia educativa, social y política del país ha sido investigada desde distintas perspectivas. Sin embargo, escasos trabajos han abordado la visión de esta profesora e intelectual respecto a la necesidad de reformar la educación rural. Por ello, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la propuesta de Labarca para la educación de la población campesina, desarrollada durante la década de 1930, bajo la perspectiva de la pedagogía ruralista. Planteamos que Labarca es parte de un grupo de educadores ruralistas que promovieron el diseño e implementación de acciones específicas para el medio campesino. Para evidenciar el carácter ruralista de la propuesta de Labarca analizamos principalmente fuentes históricas de tipo documental, como las Guías didácticas y el libro Mejoramiento de la vida campesina. Asimismo, examinamos fuentes de tipo hemerográfico, como textos de Labarca publicados en la famosa revista de vocación latinoamericanista Repertorio americano. En primer lugar, describiremos los planteamientos de Labarca respecto a la cuestión campesina. En segundo lugar, analizaremos el papel que jugó en el proceso de configuración de una política educativa para las escuelas rurales durante el segundo gobierno de Arturo Alessandri Palma (1932-1938). Posteriormente, estudiaremos la propuesta de Labarca de considerar los casos mexicano y estadounidense como países de referencia en la implementación de una política específica para la población campesina. Finalmente, ofrecemos algunas conclusiones en torno a la propuesta de Labarca y su incorporación en la política educativa de los gobiernos radicales.

The term “scholastics” refer to at least to diverse phenomena: on the one hand, in its nominal function refers to the philosophy developed during the XIII and XVII centuries mainly in European universities; on the other hand, in its adjectival function refers not to a certain philosophy but to a modus philosophandi that can be shared by very diverse philosophical movements. This presentation analyzes both senses of the term “scholastics” linking it with three activities involved in all philosophical endeavor: the creative act of thinking, the passive and active act of receiving someone’s thinking (which implies the problem of transmissibility of thought, that is, its tradition – from the Latin trajere–), and the act of interpreting the transmitted thought (traditum). The presentation affirms that the main characteristic of scholastics, it both its senses, is being an essentially receptive type of philosophy.

Sin duda, hoy en día el uso de los manuales escolares en clase de lenguas extranjeras sigue siendo un apoyo importante en el proceso de aprendizaje de otras lenguas. Sin embargo, debemos prestar atención a los conceptos y a los valores éticos que pueden transmitir a nuestro alumnado. Nos centraremos en los estereotipos de género que, aún a día de hoy, siguen presentes en muchos de los libros de texto que usamos a diario en las aulas. Por tanto, resulta esencial su actualización para contribuir con el proceso de desarrollo social de la mujer desde la etapa escolar.

Este estudio muestra la notable herencia del Barroco que retoma la cultura psicoanalítica. El punto de partida es la constatación de la permanencia de ciertos núcleos barrocos en el psicoanálisis, tanto en lo que refiere a sus discursos identitarios y a sus programas de representación, como en sus considerandos teóricos y prácticos. Esta vinculación de la cultura barroca con la psicoanalítica la exploramos a través de los siguientes descriptores: señas de identidad, arte de la mirada, concepción terapéutica y estilo. Por último se pretende promover una reflexión sobre lo barroco como herencia relevante para tener una visión más profunda y comprensiva de la cultura psicoanalítica y, por extensión, de nuestra actualidad sociocultural.

Background: Open adoption is a kind of adoption in which some degree of communication is formalized between the biological family and the adopted child or adoptive family. The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Open Adoption Scale, an instrument that assesses various negative attitudes toward open adoption. Method: The study involved 440 participants of both sexes who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Open Adoption Scale. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with half of the sample and a confirmatory factor analysis with the other half. Results: High internal consistency indices were observed. Furthermore, an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis supported construct validity. Finally, the strong relationships observed between the scale and four myths about the absence of benefits of open adoption supported convergent validity. Conclusions: The results support using the Spanish version to assess attitudes toward open adoption. Assessing attitudes toward open adoption is essential to implementing it, selecting candidates, and evaluating training processes for technicians and families.

Ofrecemos un estudio introductorio del papel que tuvo el concepto de partícula en los artículos fundacionales de la mecánica cuántica. Nos centramos en el período 1925-1927, lo que incluye el análisis de los primeros trabajos de Heisenberg, Born, Jordan, Schrödinger y Dirac, y también las primeras formulaciones de la complementaridad de Bohr. Nuestro objetivo es discutir hasta qué punto se puso en duda entre los creadores de la nueva teoría, justo en el momento de su creación y cuando aún no existía una interpretación consensuada ni establecida, el concepto de partícula. Posteriores desarrollos, como la teoría cuántica de campos, pusieron la vigencia de ese concepto bajo sospecha. Mostramos que un análisis historiográfico articulado mediante este concepto permite caracterizar la relación que los distintos autores de la mecánica cuántica mantuvieron con la visualización de los procesos atómicos. En algunos casos, como el de Heisenberg, su evolución es especialmente significativa. Asimismo, también citaremos algunos fragmentos donde los autores considerados reclaman para sí el legado de la antigua teoría cuántica, tratando de legitimar sus propios desarrollos a partir de su coherencia con los primeros descubrimientos de los Planck, Einstein o De Broglie. De prácticamente todos ellos hemos encontrado textos en este sentido.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Its high mobility and bioaccumulation power in plant, animal and human tissues differentiate it from the rest of its group and motivate the interest of scientists to know its effects and interaction with plants and the environment. The aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate the in vitro tolerance of rhizospheric bacteria associated with rice plants in cadmium-contaminated environments and to evaluate them in vitro capacity to tolerate cadmium and the production of compounds related to their ability to remediate and promote plant growth. Rhizospheric bacteria were isolated, tolerance was found up to 500 mg/L CdCl2 and the ability to produce siderophore and solubilize phosphate at this concentration of cadmium was observed in vitro. The morphospecies with the ability to tolerate cadmium up to 500 mg/L found corresponds to Pseudomonas aeruginosa GU270941.1, a species of rhizospheric bacteria that shows an alternative to reduce cadmium uptake by rice plants and promote the growth of these plants for their adaptation and tolerance to this metal.

Understanding the interaction of Cd with plants, as well as the search for alternatives to minimize its effects, has caught the interest of the scientific community, due to the accelerated growth of contamination with this metal and its high toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of two rhizospheric bacterial strains LC7504001.1 Burkholderia cepacia (C65RLIM) and FJ972527.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C85RLIM) to three concentrations of cadmium (100, 300 and 500 mg/L) and to compare the growth behaviour with increasing temperature from 32 to 45°C. The results show different growth patterns for each strain tested against exposure to the three cadmium concentrations and the four temperatures tested. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (C85RLIM) had the best adaptive behaviour to the three cadmium concentrations tested, and also showed stability when subjected to 500 mg/L CdCl2 and temperatures between 40 and 45°C. The results predict the possible behaviour of rhizospheric bacteria in the face of global warming and heavy metal remediation processes.

The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from roots of Brachiaria humidicola cv. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick and to relate their presence to pH, organic matter and phosphorus contents of the soil of cattle farms located in the municipality of San Benito Abad. Soil sampling was carried out with roots of B. humicola for the isolation and counting of the population density of endophytic bacteria and soil samples were also collected for the determination of pH, organic matter and phosphorus parameters. The results found indicate that there is an amount of endophytic bacteria in roots of B. humidicola when the soil contains optimum pH values of (6.1 ± 6.98); low to moderate phosphorus content (10.8 ± 16.28 mg/kg) and low to moderate organic matter content (1.7 ± 2.31%). The presence of endophytic bacteria was observed in a range of 3.0 ± 8.0 X 106 CFU/g of roots. There is a worldwide need to establish a relationship between endophytic bacteria and soil physical-chemical quality indicator parameters to predict a change in functional diversity under physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil ecosystem.

The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of arsenic in roots and stems of Brachiaria humidicola cv. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick grown in cattle areas of the San Jorge subregion and the population density of endophytic bacteria in roots and foliage with the presence of this metal. Samples of soil, roots and stems of B. humicola grass were collected and characterized for arsenic concentration in roots and foliage and the presence of endophytic bacteria (CFU/g tissue). The results show the presence of arsenic concentrations in roots and stems above the values established at national and international level. Likewise, the presence of endophytic bacteria was found in the roots and foliage of B. humidicola, which may be contributing to the remediation and reduction of arsenic concentration from the roots to the foliage. This is the first study correlating the presence of arsenic and endophytic bacteria on cattle farms with B. humicola and the possible role of these bacteria in contributing to bioremediation of this metal in the soil and within the tissues of the pasture species.

El tema de los sueños en la obra de Foucault tiene un lugar marginal, aunque muestra una intermitente persistencia a lo largo del tiempo, ya que es posible encontrarlo primero en su escrito temprano sobre Binswanger; luego, en sus reflexiones en torno a la historia de la locura; y, finalmente, en sus abordajes sobre las “técnicas de sí” en la Antigüedad. En el presente artículo se propone un recorrido por estos tres momentos en los que Foucault se ocupa de los sueños, con el objetivo de detectar las diferentes modulaciones de esta vía de acceso a la existencia, a la historia y a las “técnicas de sí”, alternativa al modelo “psicologizante”.

The object of this paper is to collect and discuss examples of social benefits in emerging markets. The main approach is to identify a number of the current policies being applied in BRICS compared to those in Spain and the OECD. Emerging markets are countries that will become a reference for their industry, economy and social management in upcoming years. These countries should not disregard the role the workforce holds as being essential for their mutual benefit. For this reason, it is crucial to review the social benefits applied in these states and their companies. According to various studies, governments are implementing polices to increase maternity and paternity leave, the development of personal and work skills or other social benefits like discounts for personal fitness or transport vouchers.